Elizabeth Rebecca Noble

• Torgersen, Leanne; Noble, Elizabeth Rebecca; Ask, Torvald Fossåen & Knox, Benjamin James (2025). Strengths and knowledge gaps identified from cybersecurity education and training programs, and the implications for operational technology personnel in critical infrastructures: A scoping review. IEEE Access. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3594045. Full text in Research Archive
• Noble, Elizabeth Rebecca; Ask, Torvald Fossåen & Knox, Benjamin James (2025). Tailored Extended Reality Environments for Education and Training in Cybersecurity: Engagement Beyond Awareness. IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON. ISSN 2165-9559. doi: 10.1109/EDUCON62633.2025.11016494. Full text in Research Archive

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• Noble, Elizabeth Rebecca; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James & Schuemie, Sebastiaan (2025). ATHENA: interdisciplinary approaches to cybersecurity. doi: https:/one-conference.nl/session/athena-interdisciplinary-approaches-to-cybersecurity/. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This interactive workshop discusses how we can address cybersecurity in operational technology (OT) in critical water infrastructures with a multidisciplinary focus on human factors, geopolitical threats, and tailored training. Defending critical infrastructures from cybersecurity threats is crucial for ensuring the continual availability of essential services. If attacked, it could have serious and potentially life-threatening consequences for society. Although technical defences are a key resource, humans are a first line of defence in detecting and reporting anomalies in critical infrastructure systems. Cyber threat actors know this, and initial attack vectors in most breaches often involve exploiting human vulnerabilities. In critical infrastructures, OT personnel work closest with these systems, and are targeted by threat actors. It is crucial OT personnel can recognise cyber-threats and have confidence that they have the necessary knowledge and skills to respond. ATHENA, an EU funded project led by Rijkswaterstaat, is creating innovative training solutions for OT personnel to develop their awareness, skills, and engagement with cybersecurity. Human factors are complex. Simply addressing cybersecurity behaviours through awareness-based training may not stimulate the level of engagement individuals need to change these behaviours. This is especially the case if the training is not designed to trigger meta-awareness, nor tailored to an individual’s needs or their organisational context. Generalised trainings that are ill-suited to end-users’ needs can result in poorer engagement, limiting the training’s effectiveness. Equally, discussing human factors on one organisational level can cause misalignment between the operational/technical, tactical, and strategic/policy levels, where clear communication is crucial in responding to cyber-threats. Only focusing on human factors as an isolated and compliance-dependent problem may miss opportunities to understand how geopolitical threat actors can exploit existing vulnerabilities, and gaps in individual skill levels, to attack critical infrastructures. In this workshop, we explore how combining interdisciplinary perspectives from academia, industry, and OT personnel is critical in developing comprehensive solutions to change cybersecurity behaviours. The workshop encourages interactive discussions and activities with insights from the ATHENA project which combines different perspectives on tailored training through extended reality environments. This not only addresses the skills gap in cybersecurity in OT, it contributes to protecting the cognitive dimension; a known target in nonlinear and unrestricted warfare. This workshop ultimately explores how this approach facilitates the defence of critical infrastructures, and the humans responsible for critical systems, within an evolving geopolitical threat landscape.

• Noble, Elizabeth Rebecca (2019). New lenses - social change and female photographers in 1990s Japan. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper explores the relationship between Japanese female photographers and social change in the late 20 th century. Photographers often work in spaces where interactions between art and the politics of everyday life take place, bridging the gap between the two. Traditionally, this gap has been the realm of male photographers. While individual female photographers were active throughout the 20 th century, they rarely attracted the same levels of attention as their male counterparts. However, in the 1990s, several young women broke into the photography world, gaining both commercial and critical success. Mori Mariko, Sawada Tomoko, Yanagi Miwa, Hiromix and others became the face of a new generation of photographers, exploring questions of gender, identity, and cultural materialism in post-bubble Japan. How do we explain the success of these young women? This paper will argue that social and economic changes in the role of women in Japanese society opened new spaces for women in cultural production, including photography. Drawing on cultural economics, it will argue that the combination of several factors contributed to their success: changes in the political, economic and social structures governing gender roles and consumerism; technological developments; and the institutionalisation of photography. Through this discussion, this paper will demonstrate that, far from being an area separated from social and economic developments, artists and cultural production are deeply integrated into the social fabric. The study of artists thus gives us a window into how these changes manifest themselves in the images and cultural symbols that surround us in daily life.

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