Imtiaz Badshah

Norwegian version of this page Department of Economics, Innovation and Society

Norwegian version of this page Position

Associate Professor

Contact

+4769608431

imtiaz.badshah@hiof.no

Study place

Halden

Office nr.

A3-097

Academic interests

Accounting, Finance, Governance and Reforms

Courses taught

International Finance: The Foreign Exchange Market; International Parity Conditions; Forwards, Futures and Options; Interest Rate Risk and Swaps; Exchange Rate Determination

Book Followed: Eiteman, David K., Arthur I. Stonehill and Michael H. Moffett (2021) . Multinational Business Finance,15th ed. (Global Edition), Boston: Pearson / Prentice Hall

Corporate Finance: Time, Money, and Interest Rates; Valuing projects and Firms; Capital Structure; Advanced Valuation; Options

Book Followed: Corporate Finance: Berk, Jonathan and DeMarzo, Peter (2020) Corporate Finance, ed. 5^th, Global Edition, Pearson

Global Markets and Institutions: Fundamental of financial markets; Fundamental of financial institutions; central banking and monetary policy; financial markets such as money market, bond markets, stock markets, mortgage markets, foreign exchange markets; banking and the management of financial institutions; mutual fund industry, insurance companies and pension funds; risk management in financial institutions; hedging with financial derivatives.

Book Followed: Mishkin, F. S and Eakins, S. G. (2018) Financial markets and institutions 9^th ed. Pearson.

Financial Accounting: Basic financial statements; the accounting cycle; accruals and deferrals; reporting financial results; merchandising activities (perpetual inventory system and periodic inventory system); valuation of financial assets; inventories and the cost of goods sold (specific identification method, average method, FIFO, LIFO); plant and intangible asset and their depreciation; liabilities; stockholders equity; paid-in capital; financial statement analysis

Book Followed: Williams, J. R., Haka, S. F. and Bettner, M. S. Financial and managerial accounting: the basis for Business Decisions, Ed. 13^th.

Horngren, Sundem, Elliott and Philbrick (2013). Introduction to Financial Accounting. 11^th edition.

Management Accounting: costs terms and purposes; Cost-volume-profit analysis; job costing; activity-based costing (ABC) and activity based management; master budget and responsibility accounting; flexible budgets, direct-cost variances, management control; flexible budget, overhead cost variances, and management control; inventory costing and capacity analysis; pricing decisions and cost management; strategy, balanced scorecard, and strategic profitability analysis

Book Followed: Horngren, C. T., Datar, S. M., Foster, G., and Rajan, M. V. (2012) Cost Accounting: A managerial emphasis, Global Edition

Intermediate Accounting: financial accounting and accounting standards; the accounting information system; income statement and related information (special reporting issues); balance sheet and statement of cash flows (techniques of disclosure); accounting and time value of money; cash and receivables; valuation of inventories; acquisition and disposition of property, plant, and equipment; depreciation, impairments, and depletion, intangible assets

Book Followed: Kieso, D. E., Weygandt, J. J. and Warfield, T. D (2010) Intermediate Accounting, 13^th Ed, publisher: George Hoffman

Financial Management: 10 principles of financial management; understanding financial statements, taxes, and cash flows; evaluating a firm’s financial performance; financial forecasting, planning, and budgeting; valuation of financial assets (time value of money); risk and rates of return; valuation and characteristics of bonds; stock valuation; capital budgeting decision criteria (payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return); free cash flows; capital budgeting and risk analysis

Book Followed): Keown, A. J, Martin, J. D., Petty, J. W. and Scott, Jr. D. F. Financial Management: principles and appreciations, 10^th Edition.

Background

Imtiaz Badshah is currently working an Associate Professor in the Department of Economics, Innovation and Society- Østfold University College (HiØ), Norway. Earlier, Mr. Badshah worked as an Assistant Professor in NUST Business School (NBS), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Mr. Badshah has obtained his PhD in Accounting from Nord University Business School, Nord University Norway in 2013. Mr. Badshah worked as academic specialist with Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan to access the competence of universities for awarding degrees. Mr. Badshah obtained PhD degree in Accounting from Nord University Business School, University of Nord (earlier named as University of Nordland) Norway. He holds MPhil degree from the Department of Administration and Organization Theory, University of Bergen Norway with focus on public administration and organization theory. Prior to that Mr. Badshah obtained a master degree from Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan in Public Administration.

Research: Governance and reforms, Management accounting, financial accounting, financial management, and financial markets and institutions

Awards

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Appointments

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Positions held

Teaching and Research Position

a) Associate professor, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Innovation and Society- Østfold University College (HiØ) Norway (August, 2017….)

b) Visiting Faculty, Department of Business, Marketing and Law; University of South-Eastern Norway (January 2023-August 2023)

c) Assistant professor, NUST Business School, National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Islamabad, Pakistan (Feb, 2014…July, 2017)

d) Assistant Professor (Visiting), Quaid-i-Azam School of Management Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan (Feb, 2014---Dec, 2016)

e) Assistant Professor (visiting), National Defense University (NDU), Islamabad (September, 2015---August 2016)

f) Hovedlærer (main teacher): Course Name: BE 208E Business Analysis (Financial Accounting, Management Accounting) Bodø Graduate School of Business, University of Nordland

Administrative Positions

a) Program Coordinator for Business Analysis: Faculty of Business, Languages, and Social Sciences, University College Østfold, Norway. (August, 2017-2018)

b) PhD Coordinator in NUST Business School (January, 2015---July, 2017)): Liaison between PhD students, supervisors and administration.

c) Academic Expert (March, 2016-----July, 2017): I worked with Higher Education Commission (HEC) as an Academic Expert to visit universities to evaluate their programs for awarding NOC to start academic programs.

Partners

Dr. Khalifa Jaber: College of Business Administration, Al Falah University, United Arab Emirates; Email: coba@afu.ac.ae
Konstantin Timoshenko, Associate Professor at Nord University Business School, Bodø, Norway. He has a PhD in Accounting from Nord University Business School, Bodø, Norway.
Ishtiaq Jamil, Associate professor, Department of Administration and Organizaiton Theory, University of Bergen Norway
Lin Zhijun: professor Dean of School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, China; Email: zlin@must.edu.mo
Dr. Amira Khattak: Assistan Professor at Prince Sultan University, Saudi Arabia
Dr. Mohammand Ibrahim Khan: Assistan Professor, Institute of Business and Leadership Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan, Email: abrahimbcu@gmail.com

Research groups

Khan, Asad; Rehman, Zia Ur; Badshah, Imtiaz & Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim (2024). Is Bowman’s paradox an empirical artifact? Evidence from Asian emerging countries. Managerial Finance. ISSN 0307-4358. doi: 10.1108/MF-04-2024-0269. Full text in Research Archive
Khan, Asad; Rehman, Zia Ur; Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim & Badshah, Imtiaz (2023). Does corporate risk management lead to risk mitigation and firm performance? Evidence from Asian emerging markets. Management Research Review. ISSN 2040-8269. doi: 10.1108/MRR-11-2022-0776. Full text in Research Archive
Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim; Hussain, Javed Ghulam; Badshah, Imtiaz & Khattak, Amira (2021). Stock Return Behaviour around Earnings Disclosure. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change. ISSN 2201-1315. 15(3), p. 371–395. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz; Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim; Qayum, Hina & Shah, Burhan Ali (2021). Performance of Shariah-Compliant Equity Portfolio Vs Conventional Equity Portfolio: A Case Study of the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Linguistica Anverpiensia New Series – Themes in Translation Studies. ISSN 0304-2294. p. 6589–6610. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz; khan, Muhammad Ibrahim; Amira, Khattak; Zunaira, Jalil & Seema, Gul (2020). Can investors depend only on accounting information in Investment Decision-making? International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 24(8), p. 2150–2163. doi: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I8/PR280235. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz & Borgersen, Trond Arne (2020). Management of Exchange Rate Risk In SMES: Reflections On Exchange Rate Pass-Through and Hedging of Currency Risk. SEISENSE Journal of Management (JOM). 3(6), p. 35–49. doi: 10.33215/sjom.v3i6.474. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Exchange rate fluctuations represent a challenge for the internationalization of all firms, both big and small. This paper reflects on two aspects of the exchange rate challenge - (i) the exchange rate pass-through and (ii) hedging of exchange rate risk and how SMEs manage these two aspects of exchange rate risk. The exchange rate challenges that SMEs face might differ from the risks larger firms are exposed to, and their management of the risks might vary. In family-owned SMEs, longer planning horizons than listed firms might imply a weaker exchange rate pass-through, while smaller financial buffers might pull pass-through rules in the opposite direction for the same SMEs. When considering hedging, the paper argues for both operational hedging and external hedging to represent a management challenge for SMEs, pushing the exchange rate risk towards the forefront of the factors hampering internationalization among SMEs.
Timochenko, Konstantin Yurievich; Kuruppu, Gowindage Chamara Jayanath; Badshah, Imtiaz & Ambalangodage, Dayananda (2019). A Systems Approach to Comprehend Public Sector (Government) Accounting. In Antipova, Tatiana (Eds.), Integrated Science in Digital Age (ICIS 2019). Springer. ISSN 9783030224936. p. 50–59. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-22493-6_6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The present paper seeks to elaborate a framework for investigating public sector (government) accounting in terms of its relationship with the traditional budget. Indeed, a global shift towards a more accountable public sector under the banner of New Public Management in general and accrual accounting in particular is somehow expected to encroach on this relationship, gaining a strong impetus to research it. By employing a conceptual framework for what accountants do or are anticipated to do, we first examine accounting as a system of interrelated elements. We then turn our attention to exploring the nature of the relationship between the budget and accounting in the light of the machine metaphor. Thereafter, some empirical evidence on the topic is succinctly reviewed as reflected in the literature. We end this paper by posing some questions to be addressed in future studies.
Badshah, Imtiaz; Ahmad, Maaheen & Jaber, Khalifa (2019). Are Interest Rates Alone Enough to Understand Stock Returns in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan? International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies (IJEPEE). ISSN 1752-0452. 12(3), p. 227–242. doi: 10.1504/IJEPEE.2019.102775. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The purpose of this paper is to understand the volatility of interest rates and the relationship between interest rates and stock returns under three political regimes in Pakistan. The wealth of literature discussing the volatility of interest rates and stock returns provided the theoretical basis for this inquiry. This research is therefore deductive in nature and situated within a positivist philosophical paradigm. The study uses a quantitative approach, incorporating the PSX-100 index (Pakistan Stock Exchange) to represent stock returns and KIBOR3M to represent interest rates for the period 2002-2016. This research is unique in its methodological approach, dividing the study period into three short periods (2002-2008, 2008-2013 and 2013-2016) based upon the political regimes in the country, which leads to interesting findings. Regression analyses are used to investigate the relationship between interest rates and stock returns. In order to do this, a regression analysis is run four times for the long-term 2002-2016 study period, and for the short periods of 2002-2008, 2008-2013 and 2013-2016.The findings of the study indicate that there is a negative relationship between interest rates and stock returns for the complete period. Similarly, there is a significant negative relationship between interest rates and stock returns for the short period of 2008-2013. However, there is no significant relationship between interest rates and stock returns for the short-periods of 2002-2008 and 2013-2016. This research contributes additional insights into the relationship between interest rates and stock returns in Pakistan. Other informal factors, such as political regimes, the relationship between political regimes and international investors and organizations, and the law and order situation of the country, play a greater role in financial markets and can, in combination with interest rates, lead to different effects on stock returns. Keywords: Interest rates, stock returns, volatility, quantitative approach, politics, monetary policy
Badshah, Imtiaz & Timochenko, Konstantin Yurievich (2018). Civil Service Reforms in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Progress So Far, Implementation Barriers and Challenges. In Jamil, Ishtiaq; Dhakal, Teknath & Paudel, Narendra Raj (Ed.), Civil Service Management and Administrative Systems in South Asia. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783319901916. p. 149–172. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-90191-6_7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This chapter describes and analyses civil service reforms in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan with a focus on contemporary changes. It addresses two questions: How has the civil service developed in Pakistan over time? What are the factors facilitating and inhibiting civil service reforms in the country? The chapter has six sections. Section 1 specifies the purpose of the chapter and discusses civil service reforms as reflected in the literature. Section 2 provides a succinct overview of the administrative structure of Pakistan. Section 3 highlights the evolution of the civil service in Pakistan, while Section 4 elaborates on the structure of the civil service. Section 5 offers a discussion, bringing to light various factors hindering and facilitating civil service reforms in Pakistan, and Section 6 concludes the chapter.
Badshah, Imtiaz & Mellemvik, Frode (2018). Development of Accounting and financial reporting practices in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. In Lin, Zhijun (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of accounting in Asia. Routledge. ISSN 9781138189034. p. 67–82. doi: 10.4324/9781315641867-5. Full text in Research Archive
Abbas, Muhammad & Badshah, Imtiaz (2017). Institutional Investment and Stock Returns Volatility at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). FWU Journal of Social Sciences. ISSN 1995-1272. 11(1), p. 219–229. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This study explores the relationship between institutional shareholding with stock returns volatility in 195 non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The panel data of sample firms is collected from annual reports, Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) and State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). We apply multivariate OLS and GMM regression method to the panel data for analysis of correlation between institutional shareholding with stock returns volatility. The results are consistent with our hypothesis that institutions are risk averse and prefer to invest in low volatile stock. Further analysis show that the impact investment institutions is negative on the stock returns volatility. The shareholding by investment institutions is slightly higher in dividend paying firms than non-dividend paying firms. Our results show the significant role of investment institutions in the stability of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX).
Maroof, Lubna; Javid, Attiya Jasmin & Badshah, Imtiaz (2017). Do Mutual Funds Remain Persitent? Evidence from Pakistan. South Asian Journal of Management Sciences. ISSN 2410-8537. 11(1), p. 60–75. doi: 10.21621/sajms.2017111.05. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This study investigates the performance persistence of 78 mutual funds of Pakistan for the period 2009-2015. The sample period is divided into two sub-periods, based on movement of KSE 100 index closing value. A skilled manager is a manager who can outclass the market consistently during both sub-periods. This study estimates out performance, selectivity, market timing and volatility timing skills using Capital Asset Pricing Model. The results show absence of persistence regarding Jensen alpha, selectivity and market timing skill. The study is making novel contribution by investigating persistence in volatility timing skill. The result reveals week evidence of persistence for volatility timing skill under four-index model.
Sarfraz, Muhammad; Nisar, Qasim Ali; Ali, Irfan & Badshah, Imtiaz (2015). Factors causing strategic objective failure: an empirical study in the public sector universities of Pakistan. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies. ISSN 2028-9324. 12(2), p. 512–517. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz; Mellemvik, Frode & Timoshenko, Konstantin (2013). Accounting from Religious Perspective: a Case of the central government accounting in Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review (AEFR). ISSN 2305-2147. 3(2), p. 243–258. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz & Mellemvik, Frode (2012). Philosophical Debate to Study the Development of Central Government Accounting in Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Nepalese Journal of Public Policy and Governance. ISSN 2091-0215. XXXI(2), p. 60–75. Full text in Research Archive

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Badshah, Imtiaz; Wu, Hong & Khattak, Imran Ullah (2025). Annual confidential report of the civil service of Pakistan. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Abstract: Performance appraisal is an important management tool used for assessing employee job performance, to make decisions regarding employee incentives and rewards, and providing feedback or training to develop employee skills and competencies. It is generally agreed that performance appraisal can benefit employees and organizations, but for that, the performance appraisal techniques and instruments need to be fair and objective. Employees may positively react to the performance appraisal systems if the design of such systems involve employee input and the evaluation corresponds to the respective job descriptions. The current study aims at examining the effectiveness of performance appraisal system in the public sector of Pakistan. The study is qualitative in nature and draws on the literature in ‘new public management’. The study led to explore that the process of performance appraisal of civil servants in Pakistan is highly subjective. It is used as a tool for making decisions regarding employee promotions, but the evaluations are mainly based on criteria irrelevant to merit because of the use of subjective and generic evaluative instruments. Since evaluations are entirely secret, that is why one of the core objectives of performance appraisal, which is performance improvement is not achieved through performance appraisal system. More specifically, the study indicates that factors such as an administrative culture rife with cronyism, high centralization, and conflict of interests between policy-makers may contribute to the design of a performance appraisal system that lacks fairness and objectivity. It transpired that the positive effects of the performance appraisal system in the Pakistani public sector are sparse because it is not designed in collaboration with employees, it lacks transparency and its utility for performance improvement is vague. We suggest practical implications and directions for future research.
Badshah, Imtiaz & Imtiaz, Sajida (2025). Embracing Digital Transformation: The Future of Accounting profession in Norway. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Abstract:- This study seeks to elucidate the impact of digital transformation on the accounting profession, specifically within the accounting environment in Norway. To achieve this, the study divides the accounting environment into four distinct perspectives as follows: 1. The Accounting profession, 2. Traditional academic institutions 3. Professional accounting institutions 4. Accounting regulations The advent of digital technologies and their impact on the future of the accounting profession is a multifaceted topic. To provide a deeper understanding of this complexity, this study will construct a theoretical framework by drawing insights from institutional theories, including those of Scott (1995), DiMaggio and Powell (1993), and Meyer and Rowan (1977), alongside structural theories from scholars like Mintzberg (1979) and Galbraith (1973). This exploratory study is designed to examine how digital technologies are influencing the future of the accounting profession. Data collection will involve interviews with respondents. Moreover, published documents can provide valuable data insights. To gain insights into the accounting curriculum at traditional academic and professional institutions, content analysis will be employed. The qualitative approach of this study facilitates a comprehensive exploration of the future trends of the accounting profession in Norway. The increased use of digital technologies such as blockchain, big data, could-based analytical tools and artificial intelligence are easing the job of accountants. Accountants are intensively using digital-based solutions for recording and tracking financial transactions, which have markedly reduced the efforts (and time) of accountants in recording and tracking financial transactions. These solutions significantly enhanced the accountant’s ability to prepare and communicate financial information to management for decision making. Additionally digital accounting solutions provide other benefits such as increased functionality, faster processing, improved external reporting. However, all above benefits are not without challenges such as control and information security.
Badshah, Imtiaz & Imtiaz, Sajida (2025). Reflection on administrative reforms in South Asia. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2024). Session Chair: Day 2- Session II:12:30-14:30, Corporate Finance. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz; Khan, Imran Ullah & Imtiaz, Sajida (2024). Gender Discrimination and Poverty Nexus: A Case Study of Serai Naurang, District Lakki Marwat. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2024). The Dilemma of the effectiveness of performance appraisal in the civil servance of Pakistan. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2023). 43rd EBES Conference-Madrid Spain, April 12-14, 2023-Hosted by Faculty of Economics and Business, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Chair session. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2023). 42nd EBES Conference. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2023). October 12, Session II: 11.10-13.10 (Budapest, Hungary local time) ENTREPRENEURSHIP. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2022). 38th EBES Conference-. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2022). 39th EBES Conference. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2022). 40th EBES Conference-Istanbul. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2021). Entrepreneurship-Chair. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2021). Day 1 Session 1-Discussant. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2021). session Management and Education-Discussant. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2021). Management I-Discussant. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2019). Scandinavian Management and Emerging Economies: A Learning Exchange (SMALE). Full text in Research Archive
Mustafa, Ghulam; Badshah, Imtiaz & Straume, Kristine Coucheron (2019). The role of individual factors in women’s managerial advancement in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz & Mustafa, Ghulam (2019). Reflections on digitalization in the public sector of Pakistan. Full text in Research Archive
Timochenko, Konstantin Yurievich; Kuruppu, Gowindage Chamara Jayanath; Badshah, Imtiaz & Ambalangodage, Dayananda (2019). A Systems Approach to Comprehend Public Sector (Government) Accounting. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The present paper seeks to elaborate a framework for investigating public sector (government) accounting in terms of its relationship with the traditional budget. Indeed, a global shift towards a more accountable public sector under the banner of New Public Management in general and accrual accounting in particular is somehow expected to encroach on this relationship, gaining a strong impetus to research it. By employing a conceptual framework for what accountants do or are anticipated to do, we first examine accounting as a system of interrelated elements. We then turn our attention to exploring the nature of the relationship between the budget and accounting in the light of the machine metaphor. Afterwards, some empirical evidence on the topic is succinctly reviewed as reflected in the literature. We end this paper by posing some questions to be addressed in future studies.
Badshah, Imtiaz (2018). Activity Based Costing (ABC) and Just-in-Time Inventory Management system. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz; Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim; Jalil, Zunaira & Khattak, Amira (2018). Behavioral Issues and Investor’s Decision Making: A case study of the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz; Ahmad, Maaheen & Rehman, Ijaz Ur (2018). Are Interest Rates enough to Understand Stock Returns in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan? Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz & Mustafa, Ghulam (2018). The dilemma of the effectiveness of performance appraisal in the civil service of Pakistan. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Performance appraisal is an important management tool used for assessing employee job performance, to make decisions regarding employee incentives and rewards, and providing feedback or training to develop employee skills and competencies. It is generally agreed that performance appraisal can benefit employees and organizations, but for that, the performance appraisal techniques and instruments need to be fair and objective. Employees may positively react to the performance appraisal systems if the design of such systems involve employee input and the evaluation corresponds to the respective job descriptions. The current study aims at examining the effectiveness of performance appraisal system in the public sector of Pakistan. The study is qualitative in nature and draws on the literature in ‘new public management’. The study led to explore that the process of performance appraisal of civil servants in Pakistan is highly subjective. It is used as a tool for making decisions regarding employee promotions, but the evaluations are mainly based on criteria irrelevant to merit because of the use of subjective and generic evaluative instruments. Since evaluations are entirely secret, that is why one of the core objectives of performance appraisal, which is performance improvement is not achieved through performance appraisal system. More specifically, the study indicates that factors such as an administrative culture rife with cronyism, high centralization, and conflict of interests between policy-makers may contribute to the design of a performance appraisal system that lacks fairness and objectivity. It transpired that the positive effects of the performance appraisal system in the Pakistani public sector are sparse because it is not designed in collaboration with employees, it lacks transparency and its utility for performance improvement is vague. We suggest practical implications and directions for future research. Keywords: performance appraisal, evaluation, public sector, new public management
Badshah, Imtiaz & Borgersen, Trond-Arne (2018). Exchange rate strategies among SMB exporters - A literature review of exchange rate pass-through and hedging of exchange rate risk. Do SMBs behave according to theory? Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2018). Digitalization of Accounting. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz & Mustafa, Ghulam (2018). The dilemma of the effectiveness of performance appraisal in the civil service of Pakistan. Full text in Research Archive
Shear, Falik; Butt, Hilal Anwar & Badshah, Imtiaz (2017). An Analysis of the Relationship Between the Sovereign Credit Default Swaps and the Stock market of Pakistan Through Handling Outliers. Full text in Research Archive
Abbas, Muhammad & Badshah, Imtiaz (2016). Dividend Payout and Liquidity in Karachi Stock Exchange. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz & Abbas, Muhammad (2015). Preferences of institutional investors in Karachi Stock Exchange. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2011). Accounting from Religious Perspective: A Case of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Full text in Research Archive
Badshah, Imtiaz (2018). Institutional Investment, Stock Returns Volatility and Stocks Liquidity in Dividend Paying Versus Non-Dividend Paying Firms: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange. National University of Sciences and Technology. Full text in Research Archive

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Published June 12, 2018 4:30 PM - Last modified Dec. 18, 2024 12:09 PM