Hanne Eik Pilskog

• Bjørnerud, Erik; Jones, Verity; Bear, Christopher; Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Halstvedt, Camilla Blikstad & Helliwell, Richard [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Teaching protein futures — A cross-disciplinary approach. In Giersberg, Mona F.; Bovenkerk, Bernice & Meijboom, Frank L.B. (Ed.), Back to the future: Sustainable innovations for ethical food production and consumption. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9789004715509. p. 355–362. doi: 10.1163/9789004715509_058. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper examines the role of education in addressing global challenges related to sustainable development through the lens of the agrifood system. We report on the development and testing of a flexible educational approach aimed at engaging primary school pupils in Wales and teacher students in Norway in the complexities of sustainable and ethical food production. Utilizing different protein sources, such as plant-based products, edible insects, and laboratory-grown meat, this study highlights the effectiveness of using specific food items to facilitate the understanding of broader sustainability challenges and demonstrates how such educational methods can foster a sense of agency among young people, enabling them to make informed food choices and engage with ethical dilemmas. The findings suggest that this pedagogical approach can be a viable means to achieve educational goals related to citizenship, participation, and sustainability, while also raising concerns about the normalization of fast-food culture and utilitarian ethics. Further research is recommended to explore the integration of more diverse ethical frameworks and the expansion of the approach to include other food types and educational settings.

• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Birkemoe, Tone; Evju, Marianne & Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne (2020). Species composition of beetles grouped by host association in Hollow oaks reveals management‑relevant patterns. Journal of Insect Conservation. ISSN 1366-638X. 24, p. 65–86. doi: 10.1007/s10841-019-00210-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Veteran trees are keystone structures currently in decline worldwide. In Europe, veteran oaks (Quercus spp.) are important habitat trees for wood-living beetles. Still, we have limited knowledge of the drivers determining the composition of these communities and the relevant spatial and temporal scales for these drivers. We collected beetles from 32 hollow oaks in two regions in Southern Norway along a coast-inland gradient paralleling historical onset of oak harvesting. We focused on species with different host-association to oak and identified the relative importance of processes working on different spatial scales, ranging from tree-scale to region-scale, as well as effects of the coast-inland gradient. We found all the spatial scales to influence the species composition, with a response to the coast-inland gradient and differences between the regions for all beetle groups. The tree scale was the most important scale for species mainly associated with oak, generalist species and the overall species composition—with bryophyte cover on the stem, depth of bark crevices and amount of wood mould as the most important variables. The close surroundings and forest variables on the landscape scale was most important for the beetle species restricted to broadleaf trees. Our study confirmed established knowledge, but also revealed new relationships between oak-associated beetles and relevant drivers on the tree and regional scale. As important responses of species mainly associated with oak or broadleaf trees were concealed when analyzing the total community, care should be taken not to base management recommendations on such overall, general patterns. Quercus · Veteran tree · Spatial scales · Coleoptera · Saproxylic · Historical logging · Generalists

• Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Rasmussen, Adrian Kristinsønn & Halstvedt, Camilla Blikstad (2020). An Exploration of the “Mimetic Aspects” of Storyline Used as a Creative and Imaginative Approach to Teaching and Learning in Teacher Education. In Karlsen, Kristine Høeg & Häggström, Margaretha (Ed.), Teaching through Stories: Renewing the Scottish Storyline Approach in Teacher Education. Waxmann Verlag. ISSN 9783830939863. p. 99–123. doi: 10.31244/9783830989868. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The aim of this study is to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the potential mimetic aspects of The Storyline Approach (TSA)1. This study critically ex-amines how student teachers create imaginative make-believe experiences within the use of examples (props) in teaching and learning about sustainability. The analysis fol-lows the parameters set out in Willbergh’s (2011b; 2015, 2016, 2017) theory of mimetic didactics. Data were collected during a Storyline by sound recordings, and immediately after the Storyline using focus group interviews. The result of the study indicates that Storyline expands the students’ own experiences through imaginative make-believe interpretations created from 1) The making of the props: the frieze and the handheld puppets, 2) Taking on fictional roles and role-playing, 3) Applying, sharing and using each other’s knowledge, and 4) Perceiving activities as if they were pupils. This is in-terpreted as important for the students’ professional teachers’ qualification in bridging school content with competance for the future.

• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne; Evju, Marianne; Framstad, Erik & Birkemoe, Tone (2018). Long-lasting effects of logging on beetles in hollow oaks. Ecology and Evolution. 8(20), p. 10126–10137. doi: 10.1002/ece3.4486. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  There is growing evidence that biodiversity is important for ecosystem functions. Thus, identification of habitat requirements essential for current species richness and abundance to persist is crucial. Hollow oaks (Quercus spp.) are biodiversity hot spots for deadwood-dependent insect species, and the main objective of this paper was to test the effect of habitat history and current habitat distribution at various spatial scales on the associated beetle community. We used a gradient spanning 40 km from the coast to inland areas reflecting historical logging intensity (later and lower intensities inland) through 500 years in Southern Norway, to investigate whether the historical variation in oak density is influencing the structure of beetle communities in hollow oaks today. We trapped beetles in 32 hollow oaks along this gradient in forested and seminatural landscapes over two summers. We found higher species richness and total abundance inland consistent with our expectation based on historic logging intensity. Scale-specific environmental variables also affected the response; beetle abundances were controlled by local conditions, whereas beetle species richness responded to habitat on the landscape scale. This indicates that long time continuity as well as large areas of favorable habitat is necessary to maintain beetle species richness through time in these highly long-lasting structures. Coleoptera, extinction debt, historical logging, Quercus, saproxylic, spatial scales, temporal scale, veteran tree

• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Birkemoe, Tone; Framstad, Erik & Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne (2016). Effect of Habitat Size, Quality, and Isolation on Functional Groups of Beetles in Hollow Oaks. Journal of Insect Science. 16(1). doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iev145. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  One of the largest threats to biodiversity is land use change and habitat loss. Hollow oaks (Quercus spp. L.) are welldefined patches that are hotspots for biodiversity and red-listed species, but they are often rare and fragmented in the landscape. We investigated the effect of patch size, habitat quality, and isolation on functional groups and red-listed saproxylic beetles in hollow oaks (n¼40) in Norway. The groups were defined by host tree association, trophic grouping, and red-listed status. Habitat quality, represented by tree form was most important in explaining species richness for most groups. Patch size, represented by circumference and amount of dead branches, was most important in explaining abundance. Isolation, that is single oaks compared with oaks in groups, had a negative effect on the abundance of beetles feeding both on wood and fungi (xylomycethopagous), as well as on species associated with broadleaved trees (oak semi-specialists), but did not affect species richness. This indicates that at this scale and in this landscape, isolated oaks are as species rich and valuable for conservation as other oaks, although some functional groups may be more vulnerable to isolation than others. The red-listed species only responded to patch size, indicating that oaks with large circumference and many dead branches are especially important for red-listed species and for conservation.

• Gough, Leonie; Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne; Milberg, Per; Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Jansson, Nicklas & Jonsell, Mats [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Specialists in ancient trees are more affected by climate than generalists. Ecology and Evolution. 5(23), p. 5632–5641. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1799. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ancient trees are considered one of the most important habitats for biodiversity in Europe and North America. They support exceptional numbers of specialized species, including a range of rare and endangered wood-living insects. In this study, we use a dataset of 105 sites spanning a climatic gradient along the oak range of Norway and Sweden to investigate the importance of temperature and precipitation on beetle species richness in ancient, hollow oak trees. We expected that increased summer temperature would positively influence all wood-living beetle species whereas precipitation would be less important with a negligible or negative impact. Surprisingly, only oak-specialist beetles with a northern distribution increased in species richness with temperature. Few specialist beetles and no generalist beetles responded to the rise of 4°C in summer as covered by our climatic gradient. The negative effect of precipitation affected more specialist species than did temperature, whereas the generalists remained unaffected. In summary, we suggest that increased summer temperature is likely to benefit a few specialist beetles within this dead wood community, but a larger number of specialists are likely to decline due to increased precipitation. In addition, generalist species will remain unaffected. To minimize adverse impacts of climate change on this important community, long-term management plans for ancient trees are important.

• Dabert, Miroslawa; Coulson, Stephen James; Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J.; Moe, Børge; Hanssen, Sveinn Are & Biersma, Elisabeth M. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Differences in speciation progress in feather mites (Analgoidea) inhabiting the same host: the case of Zachvatkinia and Alloptes living on arctic and long-tailed skuas. Experimental & applied acarology. ISSN 0168-8162. 65(2), p. 163–179. doi: 10.1007/s10493-014-9856-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The abundance and size-structure of a formerly allopatric brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) population in an inlet stream to a small lake were monitored for 9 years (1987–1995) after the first observation of introduced pike (Esox lucius L.), and revisited 18 years later (2013). All age groups of brown trout were reduced after the pike introduction, especially older fish of age-C2?, but less so for age-0?and 1?fish.Wesuggest that the decline of older brown trout is mainly due to the high predation pressure from pike when migrating into the adjacent lake to feed. Young stream-dwelling pike of age-0? and 1? which ranged between 6 and 27 cm in length may also exert a predation pressure on juvenile brown trout that remains in the stream. Stream Brown trout Pike predation Density Population structure

• Coulson, Stephen James; Convey, Peter; Aakra, Kjetil; Aarvik, Leif; Ávila-Jimenéz, Maria Luisa & Babenko, A. [Show all 40 contributors for this article] (2014). The terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate biodiversity of the archipelagoes of the Barents Sea, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. ISSN 0038-0717. 68, p. 440–470. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.006. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Solhøy, Torstein; Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J.; Grytnes, John-Arvid & Coulson, Stephen James (2014). Invertebrate communities inhabiting nests of migrating passerine, wild fowl and sea birds breeding in the High Arctic, Svalbard. Polar Biology. ISSN 0722-4060. 37(7), p. 981–998. doi: 10.1007/s00300-014-1495-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J.; Coulson, Stephen James; Grytnes, John Arvid & Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2012). The bird ectoparasite Dermanyssus hirundinis (Acari, Mesostigmata) in the High Arctic: a new parasitic mite to Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Acta Parasitologica. ISSN 1230-2821. 57(4), p. 378–384. doi: 10.2478/s11686-012-0050-5. Full text in Research Archive

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• Pilskog, Hanne Eik & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (2025). 50-års flom og klimatilpasning gjennom storyline. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I denne presentasjonen vil vi vise hvordan naturfag kan brukes som regifag i en tverrfaglig storyline. Våren 2025 gjennomførte vi storyline for alle 2.årsstudenter på grunnskolelærerutdanningen 5-10 ved HiØ med «bærekraftig utvikling» som overordnet tverrfaglig tema. Storyline er en studentaktiv undervisningsmetode hvor estetiske læringsprosesser står svært sentralt, og historien drives frem av åpne nøkkelspørsmål. Gjennom å innta rollen som fiktive innbyggere i en norsk by langs en elv, fikk studentene erfare ekstremregn og en 50-årsflom med evakuering og store ødeleggelser. I en konkurranse for å gjøre byen bedre rustet til å tåle klimaendringer, fikk studentene trene på problemløsning, handlingskompetanse og fremtidstro, som er viktig i arbeid med bærekraft i skolen. I konkurransen måtte studentene lære hvordan naturbaserte løsninger kunne gjøre urbane strøk mer klimatilpasset, og utvikle egne konsepter samt fremtidsvisjoner. I presentasjonen vil vi forklare hendelsesforløpet og vise utvalgte metoder hvor estetiske læringsprosesser står sentralt, med særlig kobling mot naturfag. Vi vil blant annet vise hvordan vi arbeidet med landskapstypen elvedelta og kartutsnitt, bygging av landskap i sandkasser, og overvannsproblematikk. Vi vil også vise eksempler på scenografi, bruk av roller, hendelser, og iscenesettelse av en naturkatastrofe. Avslutningsvis vil vi koble dette til LK20 og kompetansemål i naturfag, samt snakke litt om storylineforskningen vår ved HiØ.

• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Mathisen, Therese Fostervold & Häbler, Camilla (2025). Flipped/Flopped classroom og leselogger. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2023). Hvordan artskunnskap undervises på Høgskolen i Østfold: Utfordringer og behov for framtidens lærere og barnehagelærere. Full text in Research Archive
• Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie & Lockhart-Pedersen, Virginia (Gini) (2023). Den mystiske lukten: En storyline om et norsk elvedeltasamfunn. In Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Häggström, Margaretha; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (Ed.), Storyline i ungdomsskolen og i videregående opplæring: En pluralistisk og kritisk tilnærming til bærekraft. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215060941. p. 159–177. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Jeg har egentlig lært ganske mye [...] om hva som faktisk må skje for at samfunnet skal bli mer bærekraftig. For jeg har tenkt at jeg forsøpler ikke, og jeg tar buss, men det må mer til. Jeg har ikke skjønt hvor på «bærtur» vi har vært. [Gjennom å delta i denne storylinen har] jeg har fått en dypere forståelse for hvor viktig det er at det faktisk skjer noe og hvor viktig det er at vi blir bærekraftige, helst i går (lærerstudent)

• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Jacobsen, Adrian Kristinsønn; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie & Halstvedt, Camilla Blikstad (2022). Kan "The Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire" brukes i en norsk lærerutdanningskontekst, og er den nyttig for Storyline? Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik & Mathisen, Therese Fostervold (2022). Omvendt undervisning. Full text in Research Archive
• Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Halstvedt, Camilla Blikstad; Pilskog, Hanne Eik & Jacobsen, Adrian Kristinsønn (2022). An exploration of the mimetic aspects of Storyline used as a cross-curricular and creative approach to teaching and learning in Teacher Education. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Jacobsen, Adrian Kristinsønn; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie & Halstvedt, Camilla Blikstad (2022). Can the Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire be used in a Norwegian teacher education context, and is it useful for The Storyline Approach? Full text in Research Archive
• Lockhart-Pedersen, Virginia Jean; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Pilskog, Hanne Eik & Halstvedt, Camilla Blikstad [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Professional Development _ Storyline in Teacher education. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2022). Omvendt undervisning i naturfag. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2022). 360-video i naturfagundervisning. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnstad, Gunhild Brænne; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise & Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2021). Hvordan jobbe tverrfaglig på en engasjerende og lærerik måte? Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  På denne sesjonen vil vi fokusere på den tverrfaglige metoden Storyline. Storyline er en historiebasert og tverrfaglig undervisningsmetode som setter fokus på skapende og samarbeidende prosesser, kreativitet og faglig fordypning. Med innføring av fagfornyelsen aktualiseres igjen denne metoden, 30 år etter den så dagens lys i norsk skole på 90-tallet. Hvis du lurer på hvordan du skal tilrettelegge faglig innhold på måter som bidrar til skaperglede, engasjement og utforskertrang, så kom til oss. Her blir det gitt to praktiske eksempler på ulike Storyline hvor den ene fokuserer på bærekraftig utvikling og den andre på livsmestring og folkehelse (meningen med livet). På sesjonen vil vi også presentere noen resultater fra forskninga vår samlet i antologien «Teaching through Stories: Renewing the Scottish Storyline Approach in Teacher Education» (2020, K.H. Karlsen, & M. Häggström, Red.). Det legges opp til spørsmål og dialog! Vel møtt!

• Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2021). Bruk av tegnebrett i naturfagundervisning for barnehage- og lærerstudenter. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2020). De fascinerende insektene og hvorfor vi trenger dem. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2020). Teste Mentimeter og tegnebrett i botanikkundervisning. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Rasmussen, Adrian Kristinsønn; Halstvedt, Camilla Blikstad & Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie (2019). Et bærekraftig elvedelta: Storyline som metode i lærerutdanningen? Full text in Research Archive
• Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Rasmussen, Adrian Kristinsønn & Halstvedt, Camilla Blikstad (2019). Storyline i MAGLU 5-10, tverrfaglig undervisning og forskning:"An exploration of the ‘mimetic’ aspects of Storyline used as a cross-curricular and creative approach to teaching and learning in Teacher Education". Full text in Research Archive
• Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Lockhart-Pedersen, Virginia Jean; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie & Bjørnstad, Gunhild Brænne [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Storyline - som et eksempel på tverrfaglig og studentaktiv læringsform. Full text in Research Archive
• Widerøe, Ina Kirsten Sundal; Rasmussen, Adrian Kristinsønn; Aae, Rune; Braaten, Bjørn Espen Pontus; Båtvik, Jan Ingar Iversen & Halstvedt, Camilla Blikstad [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Naturfag i framtidens skole: Inn med teknologi, ut med uteskole? Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Birkemoe, Tone; Evju, Marianne & Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne (2019). Eikebillenes hemmeligheter; et ekko fra fortiden? Biolog. ISSN 0801-0722. p. 10–13. Full text in Research Archive
• Ludvigsen, Ar; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg & Rasmussen, Adrian Kristinsønn (2019). Storyline - en tverrfaglig og utforskende undervisning om bærekraftig utvikling. Full text in Research Archive
• Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Rasmussen, Adrian Kristinsønn; Pilskog, Hanne Eik & Ludvigsen, Ar (2019). Storyline - tverrfaglig og utforskende undervisning om bærekraftig utvikling. Full text in Research Archive
• Birkemoe, Tone; Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Evju, Marianne & Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne (2018). Kan et ekko fra fortidens hogst forklare dagens eikebillesamfunn? Insektøkologene - en forskerblogg om insektenes fantastiske verden. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne; Birkemoe, Tone & Framstad, Erik (2014). The trophic rank hypothesis investigated for saproxylic beetles in hollow oaks. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2014). Livet inni ensomme eiker dør ut. [Journal]. Forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2013). De verdifulle gamle eiketrærne. Biolog. ISSN 0801-0722. 31(1), p. 24–29. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne; Birkemoe, Tone & Evju, Marianne (2016). Effects of climate, historical logging and spatial scales on beetles in hollow oaks. Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet (NMBU). ISSN 9788257514044. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Veteran trees are keystone structures and important biodiversity habitats, but they are declining on a global scale. In Europe, old oaks (Quercus spp.) are one of the most important habitat trees for biodiversity, yet the knowledge about most of these associated species is limited. One important group is the deadwood- dependent beetles associated with old oaks. The aim of this thesis is to increase the knowledge of how beetles in old oaks with different oak-dependency respond to the surroundings on different spatial scales, and if other drivers such as climate and past habitat loss also affect these communities. We collected beetles with insect traps on hollow oaks in four studies: along a climatic gradient, in solitary and aggregated oaks, and along a coast-inland gradient for the two last studies. The climatic gradient went from west to east across Norway and Sweden, and the remaining studies were conducted in southern Norway. We grouped the beetles according to oak-dependency to test if the more specialised species with narrower host-tree range responded differently in comparison to species less dependent on oaks, and focused on the species richness, abundances and species composition.

• Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne & Birkemoe, Tone (2014). Biller i hule eiker i Vestfold, Telemark og Agder. Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet (NMBU). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hollow oaks are a Selected Habitat Type under the Norwegian Nature Diversity Act and a hot‐spot habitat for insects, lichens and fungi. Window traps were used on 32 hollow oaks to survey the beetle fauna in two regions in Norway within the main oak distribution area, the Vestfold‐Telemark region and Aust‐ and Vest‐Agder county. In each region, trees were situated in either cultural landscapes or forests, along a gradient from coast to inland. We surveyed 162 hollow oaks in these areas. The traps were out the entire swarming season from May to August 2013 and a total of 2703 individuals and 357 beetle species were collected. Of these 32 of the species are listed on the Norwegian red list and several of them were found in new regions. This knowledge will be important for revisions of the Norwegian red list.

• Dijk, Jiska Joanneke van; Åström, Jens & Pilskog, Hanne Eik (2012). Towards the development of a management relevant index for invasive alien species: a pilot study. Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA). ISSN 9788242624727. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Alien species are a major threat to biodiversity and biological invasions are halted where possible, both at the international and at the national level and attempts are made to pre-vent new invasions. International agreements state that by 2020 invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establish-ment. Already before 2010 attempts have been made to develop indicators of invasion to assess progress against the targets. In Norway, the Nature Index was developed as a framework for gathering and synthesizing scientific knowledge on the state of biodiversity in a particular ecosystem in a given area by using a set of indicators (e.g. species). In this pilot study we exploited the possibility to develop a similar framework on the state of invasive alien species in a particular ecosys-tem in a given area by developing the Invasive Alien Species (IAS) index. The test case used in this pilot study showed the feasibility of using the same framework as that of the Nature Index while adjusting the mathematical background applicable to IAS. Weighting and scaling of the indicators, here a subset of IAS representative for dominating and/or changing the natural biodiversity, were adjusted to reflect the impact of IAS on native bio-diversity. Weighting and scaling of each indicator is based on the principal of ecological effect (i.e. the weight or importance a species has in the index) combined with its invasion potential (i.e. scaling for its ecological risk on natural biodiversity when expanding and in-creasing in population distribution resp. size) based on the systematic risk assessment published by the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre. While the Nature Index rang-es between 0 and 1, with 1 referring to intact ecosystems and 0 to degraded ecosystems, a higher IAS index actually refers to a potential higher risk to natural biodiversity. A lower IAS index shows that invasions are halted, for instance through eradication programmes. The proposed IAS Index is a framework for gathering and synthesizing the knowledge and monitoring data on the state of invasive alien species in a particular ecosystem in a given area. The proposed IAS Index allows for simple illustration on the state of invasive alien species. Both through graphical maps and easy readable figures changes in the state of invasive alien species can be presented. invasive species, nature index, invasive species management, index, fremmede arter, naturindeks, forvaltning av fremmede arter, indeks

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