Stein Arnold Berggren

• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2026). Prospective Teachers’ Knowledge of Multiplication. Conference proceedings: The Future of Education. ISSN 2384-9509. 16. doi: https:/conference.pixel-online.net/FOE/files/foe/ed0016/FP/10109-DEV8051-FP-FOE16.pdf. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  According to the Norwegian curriculum ([1]), students are expected to learn the basics of multiplication in third grade. It is therefore important that prospective primary school teachers possess solid knowledge of how to teach multiplication ([2]). While there is a substantial body of research on prospective teachers’ understanding of multi-digit multiplication algorithms ([3]), comparatively little attention has been given to how prospective teachers solve multiplication problems that do not require the use of standard algorithms. Inspired by the study of Fischbein et al. (1985) ([4]), which investigated how Italian students solved word problems involving multiplication and division, we conducted a study examining how 46 prospective primary school teachers, in their first semester of teacher education, solved eight arithmetic problems. Four of these problems focused on multiplication and proportionality. The prospective teachers’ solutions to these four problems constitute the data material for the present study. The prospective teachers’ solutions were analyzed using a thematic qualitative analysis approach ([5]). Since the tasks solved by the prospective teachers fall between what the literature describes as single-digit arithmetic and multi-digit arithmetic ([6]), we developed an analytical framework tailored to this intermediate level. This framework was inspired by Hickendorff et al.’s (2019) ([6]) classification system for multi-digit multiplication strategies, as well as by Cramer and Post’s (1993) ([7]) categorization of solution strategies for proportionality tasks. The results indicate that prospective teachers predominantly rely on procedural knowledge when solving problems related to multiplication and proportionality. This suggests a need for changes in teacher education, with greater emphasis on fostering prospective teachers’ conceptual understanding of these topics.

• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2025). Working with Statistics in Kindergarten - A Sustainable Approach. Conference proceedings: The Future of Education. ISSN 2384-9509. p. 818–824. doi: https:/conference.pixel-online.net/FOE/files/foe/ed0015/FP/10109-PRI7369-FP-FOE15.pdf. Full text in Research Archive
• Jom, Pål Espen Olvik & Berggren, Stein Arnold (2025). Resirkulering, et bidrag til bærekraft: Gjenvinning av flasker, en innfallsport til å arbeide med multiplikativ tenkning. In Spernes, Kari Iren & Maugesten, Marianne (Ed.), Samarbeid for bærekraftig utvikling - Prosjekter i barnehage og skole. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215066615. p. 129–146. Full text in Research Archive
• Lockhart-Pedersen, Virginia (Gini); Karlsen, Kristine Høeg & Berggren, Stein Arnold (2024). Escape room i storyline: Digitale muligheter for en inkluderende praksis. In Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, Margaretha; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (Ed.), Storyline på mellomtrinnet: En utforskende og deltakende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215061238. p. 247–279. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Rømningsrom har vunnet økende popularitet som undervisningsmetode. I dette kapitlet utforsker vi hvordan rømningsrom metode, integrert i storyline, kan tilrettelegge for en fleksibel og inkluderende praksis på mellomtrinnet. Utgangspunktet for analysen er prinsippene i universal design for learning (UDL), eller på norsk universell utforming for læring, som gir et praktisk rammeverk som læreren kan bruke for å organiser læring med fokus likeverdig deltakelse. Arbeidet som presenteres springer ut fra et pågående aksjonsforskningsprosjekt ved grunnskolelærerudanningen for trinn 1.-7. og 5.-10. ved Høgskolen i Østfold.

• Berggren, Stein Arnold (2023). De yngste elevene skaper matematiske tekster. In Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Berggren, Stein Arnold; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, margaretha & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (Ed.), Storyline i begynneropplæringen: En estetisk og lekende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215060965. p. 200–222. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2022). Algebra i overgangen fra barnetrinnet til ungdomstrinnet. In Maugesten, Marianne & Spernes, Kari Iren (Ed.), Overganger i skolen. Fra barnetrinnet til ungdomstrinnet.. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215060934. p. 112–124. Full text in Research Archive
• Kaufmann, Odd Tore; Stenseth, Børre; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Forsström, Sanna Erika (2022). ”Where is my angle?” – students cooperating to make a square. In Nortvedt, Guri A.; Buchholtz, Nils; Fauskanger, Janne; Hähkiöniemi, Markus; Jessen, Britta Eyrich; Nilsen, Hans Kristian; Naalsund, Margrethe; Pálsdóttir, Guðbjörg; Portaankorva-Koivisto, Päivi; Radišić, Jelena; Sigurjónsson, Jóhann Örn; Viirman, Olov Lui & Wernberg, Anna (Ed.), Bringing Nordic mathematics education into the future. Proceedings of Norma 20, The ninth Nordic Conference on Mathematics Education. Svensk förening för MatematikDidaktisk Forskning - SMDF. ISSN 9789198402469. p. 121–128. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The story about the NORMA20 conference is the story about a conference that had to be postponed, as a pandemic prevented us from coming together to present and discuss our research. When we made the decision to postpone just after Easter in 2020, we were all sad and disappointed that all the efforts made by authors, reviewers, LOC and IPC members might be for nothing. However, during 2020, digital solutions for cooperation emerged so we could host NORMA20 as an online conference in June 2021.<p> <p>Delaying the conference had both positive and negative consequences. On the positive side, postponing allowed us to make a call for contributions in both 2019 and 2020, substantially increasing the number of submissions. Not only was the number of submissions large but the number of accepted submissions also increased. During the conference, 72 regular papers, 30 short communications, nine poster presentations, four keynotes, and one working group were presented. This made the NORMA20 conference the largest NORMA conference to date.

• Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Berggren, Stein Arnold; Ludvigsen, Ar & Næsje, Ragnhild Louise (2020). The Fairy-Tale Forest: Developing Pedagogical Content Knowledge for teaching Primary School Mathematics in The Scottish Storyline Approach. In Karlsen, Kristine Høeg & Häggström, Margaretha (Ed.), Teaching through Stories: Renewing the Scottish Storyline Approach in Teacher Education. Waxmann Verlag. ISSN 9783830939863. p. 183–207. doi: 10.31244/9783830989868. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study focuses on the development of mathematical pedagogical content knowl-edge when implementing Storyline as a narrative approach to organising cross-curricu-lar learning for student teachers to become teachers in mathematics for grades 1–7. InStoryline, teachers according to Omand (2014) carefully plan “a ‘line’ of episodes, each of which has carefully designed key questions that encourage and support the learner to contextualise and create the ‘story’, promoting exciting learning” (p. 3). The study uses six semi-structured focus group interviews with a total of 24 first year student teachers. A qualitative analysis, based on the framework of Creswell and Creswell (2018), structures the process of coding. The results contribute to pedagogical content knowledge (cf. Ball, Thames & Phelps, 2008) for teaching primary school mathematics in the following three domains: i) Playing out the Fairy-tale story; ii) Preparing, exploring and performing the tasks; and iii) Learning through a Meta-Storyline. The results show that the students encountered a completely new way of learning mathematics when using Storyline. In summary, although the student teachers report awkwardness when joining the fictional in-role activities, they see the potential for facilitating playful and explorative learning experiences for pupils in primary school.

• Berggren, Stein A.; Lukkassen, Dag; Meidell, Annette & Simula, Leon (2003). Some methods for calculating stiffness properties of periodic structures. Applications of Mathematics. ISSN 0862-7940. 48(2), p. 97–110. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We present a general numerical method for calculating effective elastic properties of periodic structures based on the homogenization method. Some concrete numerical examples are presented.

• Berggren, Stein A.; Lukkassen, Dag; Meidell, Annette & Simula, Leon (2001). On stiffness properties of square honeycombs and other unidirectional composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. ISSN 1359-8368. 32, p. 503–511. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this paper we consider stiffness properties of square symmetric unidirectional two-phase composites with given volume fractions. First, we compare the effective moduli of the stiffest possible (or softest possible) of such materials which satisfy transverse isotropy or square isotropy with that of materials satisfying 3D-isotropy. Next, we present some numerical FEM computations of in-plane stiffness properties of square honeycombs. Our results are compared with the effective moduli of the stiffest possible square symmetric composites. The numerical results are used to optimize the directions of square prisms in the core of sandwich plates with respect to stiffness. Our calculations can therefore be usefull in connection with optimization of structural topology.

• Berggren, Stein A.; Lukkassen, Dag; Meidell, Annette & Simula, Leon (2001). A new method for numerical solution of checkerboard fields. Journal of Applied Mathematics. ISSN 1110-757X. 1, p. 157–173. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We consider a generalized version of the standard checkerboard and discuss the dificulties of finding the corresponding field by standard numerical treatment. A new numerical method is presented which converges independently of the local conductivities.

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• Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, Margaretha; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (2024). Storyline på mellomtrinnet: En utforskende og deltakende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215061238. 312 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Häggström, Margaretha; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (2023). Storyline i ungdomsskolen og i videregående opplæring: En pluralistisk og kritisk tilnærming til bærekraft. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215060941. 289 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Berggren, Stein Arnold; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, margaretha & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (2023). Storyline i begynneropplæringen: En estetisk og lekende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215060965. 226 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2021). Førsteklasses matematikk - matematikk for de yngste elevene. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205541603. 256 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2026). Prospective teachers’ knowledge of multiplication. Full text in Research Archive
• Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Bjerke, Christian Bjørn; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Fredheim, Nina Skajaa (2026). Lærerne på Låby skole åpnet klasserommene sine – studentene fikk ta over undervisningen – Fakultet for lærerutdanninger og språk – Høgskolen i Østfold. [Internet]. Nettsidene til Høgskolen i Østfold. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Allerede i første studieår får studentene på grunnskolelærerutdanningen 1-7 ved Høgskolen i Østfold real undervisningserfaring. Høsten 2025 planla og gjennomført førsteklassinger undervisning for over 120 barneskoleelever – en opplevelse som både inspirerer og forbereder dem på læreryrket.

• Häbler, Camilla; Nordbakke, Monica; Berggren, Stein Arnold; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise & Olaussen, Irene Felde (2025). Innholdsrik profesjonsdag om KI og psykisk helse i grunnskolelærerutdanningene. [Internet]. Nettsidene til Høgskolen i Østfold. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2025). Working with Statistics in Kindergarten: A Sustainable Approach. Full text in Research Archive
• Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, margaretha; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (2024). Forord. In Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, Margaretha; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (Ed.), Storyline på mellomtrinnet: En utforskende og deltakende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215061238. Full text in Research Archive
• Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, margaretha; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg & Berggren, Stein Arnold (2024). Demokrati og medborgerskap på mellomtrinnet. In Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, Margaretha; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (Ed.), Storyline på mellomtrinnet: En utforskende og deltakende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215061238. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Velkommen til dager fylt med lærende lek og lekende læring! Dager som syder og koker av nysgjerrighet, latter, diskusjoner, forhandlinger, undring, tankeprosesser og skapende arbeid. I denne antologien vil du kunne bli kjent med ulike typer storyliner og hvordan du kan bruke storyline i egen undervisning. Du vil møte flere måter du kan bygge opp og arbeidet med storyline på. Vi håper du kan bruke de ulike kapitlene som inspirasjon til å planlegge ditt eget storylineforløp med elevene dine. Kapitlene diskuterer ulike didaktiske muligheter og utfordringer i arbeidet med storyline i skolen, og hvordan læreren kan tilpasse undervisningen til elevgruppen og elevenes alder.

• Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Lockhart-Pedersen, Virginia (Gini) & Berggren, Stein Arnold (2024). En framtidsrettet storyline. In Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, Margaretha; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (Ed.), Storyline på mellomtrinnet: En utforskende og deltakende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215061238. Full text in Research Archive
• Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Lockhart-Pedersen, Virginia (Gini) & Berggren, Stein Arnold (2024). Kampen for frihet? Et praktisk og framtidsrettet storylineforløp med KI som tematikk. In Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, Margaretha; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (Ed.), Storyline på mellomtrinnet: En utforskende og deltakende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215061238. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Kan kunstig intelligens utgjøre en trussel mot menneskeheten? I dette kapitlet presenteres en framtidsrettet storyline som skildrer et scenario i universet Nemes, der KI-roboter har utviklet selvbevissthet og søker verdensherredømme. Dette reiser viktige spørsmål om tillit, ansvar og kontroll knyttet til kunstig intelligens. Storylinen oppfordrer elevene til å reflektere over hva som skiller mennesker fra maskiner, og det argumenteres for at opplegget sammen med andre tilnærminger, kan bidra til å forberede elevene på en fremtid der kunstig intelligens vil spille en stadig større rolle.

• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2024). Hva bør vi forvente av studentene? Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Næsje, Ragnhild Louise (2024). En fortelling i fortellingen: bruk av regnefortellinger i storyline. In Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, Margaretha; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (Ed.), Storyline på mellomtrinnet: En utforskende og deltakende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215061238. p. 130–140. Full text in Research Archive
• Jom, Pål Espen Olvik & Berggren, Stein Arnold (2023). Er det plass til en masteroppgave i lærerutdanningen? Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2023). Nasjonal deleksamen: Et nødvendig onde. Full text in Research Archive
• Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Häggström, Margaretha & Berggren, Stein Arnold (2023). Forskning på undervisning og pedagogisk praksis. Storyline som tverrfaglig undervisning i lærerutdanningen. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise & Lockhart-Pedersen, Virginia (Gini) (2023). Bokstavøya. In Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Berggren, Stein Arnold; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, margaretha & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (Ed.), Storyline i begynneropplæringen: En estetisk og lekende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215060965. p. 159–174. Full text in Research Archive
• Næsje, Ragnhild Louise & Berggren, Stein Arnold (2023). Storyline med de yngste elevene. In Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Berggren, Stein Arnold; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie; Häggström, margaretha & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (Ed.), Storyline i begynneropplæringen: En estetisk og lekende tilnærming til læring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215060965. p. 13–19. Full text in Research Archive
• Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Halstvedt, Camilla Blikstad; Berggren, Stein Arnold; Lockhart-Pedersen, Virginia Jean & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (2022). Storyline in Early Primary Education focusing on the interdisciplinary topic health and lifeskills- through the Storyline The Alphabet Island. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Næsje, Ragnhild Louise (2022). Hospitering - en krasjlanding i praksisfeltet. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 75–78. Full text in Research Archive
• Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (2022). Matematikk og norsk gjennom eventyr. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 68–74. Full text in Research Archive
• Jom, Pål Espen Olvik & Berggren, Stein Arnold (2022). "Læringsbaner i matematikk" - Et planleggingsverktøy til undervisningen. Full text in Research Archive
• Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (2022). Matematikk og norsk gjennom eventyr. Utdanningsnytt.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2022). Algebra i overgangen fra barnetrinnet til ungdomstrinnet. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Næsje, Ragnhild Louise (2022). Hospitering - en krasjlanding i praksisfeltet. Utdanningsnytt.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Kaufmann, Odd Tore; Stenseth, Børre; Berggren, Stein Arnold & Forsström, Sanna Erika (2021). Whats my angle? Students cooperating to make a square. Full text in Research Archive
• Ludvigsen, Ar; Berggren, Stein Arnold; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (2020). Narratives as a gateway to interdisciplinarity in Teacher Education. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Næsje, Ragnhild Louise (2020). Kom, hør en regnefortelling! Tangenten - Tidsskrift for matematikkundervisning. ISSN 0802-8192. p. 26–30. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Næsje, Ragnhild Louise (2020). Studentene våre vil være på campus - ikke i skyen! Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Ludvigsen, Ar & Karlsen, Kristine Høeg (2019). Fantasy meets math. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Næsje, Ragnhild Louise (2019). Fantasy meets Math. Presentasjon av gjennomføring av Storyline på 18MaGlu 1-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2019). Lærerne er positive til programmering - men mangler kunnskap. https://www.hiof.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Pilskog, Hanne Eik; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise; Lockhart-Pedersen, Virginia Jean; Motzfeldt, Gitte Cecilie & Bjørnstad, Gunhild Brænne [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Storyline - som et eksempel på tverrfaglig og studentaktiv læringsform. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2019). Lærerne er positive til programmering - men mangler kunnskap. Utdanningsnytt.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Jom, Pål Espen Olvik (2019). Lærere vil programmere - men trenger opplæring. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 40–43. Full text in Research Archive
• Karlsen, Kristine Høeg; Berggren, Stein Arnold; Ludvigsen, Ali Reza; Næsje, Ragnhild Louise & Høeg, Ellen (2018). Teaching early learning in mathematics—qualitative study on student teachers’ experiences with the Storyline approach. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold (2017). Matematikk er ikke vanskelig, det krever bare innsats fra elevene. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold (2017). Matematikk er ikke vanskelig, det krever bare innsats fra elevene. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold (2017). Matematikk er ikke vanskelig, det krever bare innsats fra elevene. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein Arnold & Ludvigsen, Ar (2017). Undersøkelse om begynneropplæring. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein A.; Byström, Johan; Meidell, Annette & Wall, Peter (2001). Homogenization and computational techniques of iterated structures. Full text in Research Archive
• Berggren, Stein A. (2001). Some theoretical, numerical and technical aspects of the homegenization theory. Luleå tekniske universitet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This thesis is devoted to some theoretical, numerical and technical aspects of the homogenization theory. The thesis consists of five papers. In the first paper we give an elementary presentation of some basic ideas in the homogenization theory, which c an serve as an introduction and frame of my contributions to the papers in this thesis. The second paper presents some theory and numerical results concerning the effective elastic moduli of heterogenous structures. In the third paper we consider in-pla ne stiffness properties of square symmetric unidirectional two-phase composites with given volume fractions. The fourth paper is concerned with the heat conduction in checkerboard structures. In the last paper we consider computational aspects of multis cale iterated honeycombs.

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