Ann-Chatrin Linqvist Leonardsen

• Wiciak, Hanna; Strózik, Mateusz; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Smereka, Jacek (2026). Prehospital management of postpartum hemorrhage – perspectives from Polish EMS teams. Critical Public Health. ISSN 0958-1596. doi: 10.1080/09581596.2026.2707727. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & A., Smallheer, Benjamin (2026). Educational Barriers and Global Impact | Springer Nature Link. In Kapu, April; Rowles, Jackie; Manning, Jennifer & Schorn, Mavis (Ed.), A Global View on Clinical Autonomy for Advanced Practice Nurses: Enhancing Decision-Making, Leadership, and Collaborative Care | Springer Nature Link. Springer. ISSN 9783032214584. p. 293–316. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-21458-4_16. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Despite the wealth of literature defining Advanced Practice Nursing through the four roles of nursing and assets as Nurse Anesthetist, Nurse Practitioner, Clinical Nurse Specialist, and Nurse–Midwife, their title, education, jurisdiction, and scope of practice...

• Torbjørnsen, Astrid; Nygaard-Andersen, Beate; Kiani, Kiana; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Wolf, Axel & Pripp, Are Hugo [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Factors influencing home dialysis choice in Scandinavia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrology. 27(1). doi: 10.1186/s12882-026-04972-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Home dialysis provides several advantages over in-center hemodialysis, yet its uptake remains limited. Understanding how patients and kidney professionals perceive home dialysis is key to improving access and support. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the choice of home dialysis and to examine potential differences in perceptions between patients with kidney failure and kidney professionals across countries. Methods: A cross-sectional study using mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was conducted. A digital survey, developed through eight workshops (2021–2023) with patients and kidney professionals, included both closed- and open-ended questions. The survey was distributed to patients with kidney failure and kidney professionals in Scandinavia. Quantitative data were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, and country, while qualitative responses underwent content analysis. Results: The survey received responses from 269 patients and 185 professionals. Patients were predominantly male (57.3%, mean age 61.3), while professionals were mainly female (85.6%, mean age 49.4). Prior patient experience included PD in 179 (35.8%) and HHD in 66 (13.2%). Independence was identified as the top reason for choosing home dialysis, though many found the decision challenging. Patients cited barriers such as unclear reimbursement (OR = 0.29), limited technology (OR = 0.44), and poor communication tools (OR = 0.18). Professionals highlighted patient reluctance (OR = 7.29), relative involvement (OR = 7.54), social isolation (OR = 7.18), and unsuitable home environments (OR = 3.64). Qualitative responses highlighted the complexity of modality choice and illustrated differing perspectives between patients and professionals. Conclusions: Patients and professionals perceive distinct barriers to home dialysis. Tailored interventions addressing these differences are essential to improve the uptake of home dialysis in Scandinavia.

• Hagen, Susanne; Madsen, Linda; Rusaanes, Veronica; Pedersen, Hilde Røgeberg & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Doctorateness som kvalitetskriterium: Komiteers vurderinger og doktorgradsstudenters erfaringer. Norsk pedagogisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-2052. 110(2), p. 190–203. doi: 10.18261/npt.110.2.8. Full text in Research Archive
• Andersen, Fredrik; Løkkeberg, Stine Eileen Torp; Hardeland, Camilla & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Emergency Primary Care Personnel’s Perspectives Toward AI-Based Decision Support Tools: A Qualitative Study in Norway. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. ISSN 2150-1319. 17. doi: https:/journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/21501319251408672. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Artificial intelligence-based decision support systems have been suggested as possible aids for decision makers in emergency care. To balance patient safety, cost, efficiency, and professional integrity, we need to understand the views and arguments health professionals have for and against the implementation of such systems. The current study aimed to explore emergency primary care personnel’s perspectives on artificial intelligence-based decision support systems in emergencies in the municipality. Method: This study used a qualitative design with online, semistructured interviews with 12 primary emergency health care personnel. A purposive sampling strategy was used, and participants were recruited either from EPC center or municipal healthcare institutions receiving services from the EPCRU. The data were analyzed following thematic analysis. Results: Four main themes were identified, namely, “Human need, clinical evaluations,” “Balancing skepticism and confidence,” “Digital sparring partner and alternative hypotheses,” and “Health personnel’s role in procurement and development.” The participants emphasized a need for human and clinical assessments to detect illness and initiate appropriate actions. Aspects of skepticism and confidence were also discussed. However, they perceived that AI-based decision support systems could be ideal digital sparring partners. Moreover, all the participants underlined the importance of involving intended users when developing and implementing decision support systems. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the essential role of health personnel in decision-making processes in emergency primary care, as well as in the implementation processes of AI in these services. AI is suggested as a supportive tool that provides safe and trustworthy solutions. These aspects are useful for managers and other decision makers in the transformation of health services for the future.

• Skaar, Niko Aleksander Finbak; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Berg, Kristin Sandal; Braaten, Tonje Bjørndal; Strandås, Maria & Hernes, Susanne M S [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2026). Exploring demographic and organisational variations in patient safety culture: a cross-sectional, multicentre study in operating theatres of six Norwegian hospitals. BMC Health Services Research. 26. doi: 10.1186/s12913-026-14460-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Patient safety culture encompasses the values, beliefs, norms, and behaviours that influence patient safety. It is positively associated with improved patient outcomes and inversely related to adverse events. This study explores the patient safety culture in the operating theatre setting to support national efforts aimed at mitigating adverse events. Specifically, it assesses the patient safety culture in six Norwegian hospitals and potential associations between scores from the Norwegian Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture 2.0 (N-HSOPSC 2.0) scores and socio-demographic factors, including gender, field of expertise, years of experience, leadership responsibilities, and hospital trust. Methods An exploratory cross-sectional multicentre study using the N-HSOPSC 2.0 was conducted between 2021 and 2022 among operating theatre staff across six Norwegian hospitals in three hospital trusts. Descriptive statistics were used to report the scores of 10 factors and three outcome variables. Generalised linear models were employed to analyse the relationships between socio-demographic variables (gender, field of expertise, years of experience, leadership responsibilities and hospital trust) and the N-HSOPSC 2.0 scores. Results A total of 217 individuals responded to the questionnaire. The teamwork factor had the highest percentage of positive responses (85.8%), while all other factors showed less than 75% positive responses, indicating an unsatisfactory patient safety culture. Notably, three factors had less than 50% positive responses, underscoring the need for targeted improvement initiatives. Respondents with leadership responsibilities reported significantly more positive perceptions of the patient safety culture on three factors and one outcome variable compared to those without such responsibilities. Similarly, individuals identified as unit leaders or administrators reported significantly more positive perceptions of four patient safety culture factors and a more favourable overall patient safety rating. Perceptions varied across different fields of expertise, depending on the specific N-HSOPSC 2.0 factor. Conclusion This study underscores the pivotal influence of organisational and societal conditions on the development of patient safety culture in operating theatre settings. It also highlights the necessity for tailored initiatives to address the unique needs of different fields of expertise. Further research is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms that influence the patient safety culture in operating theatres.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Englund, Elin; Trope, Ameli; Stensrud, Mona; Breivik, Kristine & Nødtveidt, Ragnhild Marie (2026). The effect of a cervical testing campaign on incarcerated females- a repeated cross-sectional study in Norwegian prisons. BMC Women's Health. 26, p. 141–141. doi: 10.1186/s12905-026-04310-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Rønning, Anders; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Vallersnes, Odd Martin & Hjortdahl, Magnus (2026). Utilisation of a GP-staffed emergency response unit: an observational study from Norway. British Journal of General Practice Open. 10(1), p. 1–10. doi: 10.3399/BJGPO.2025.0101. Full text in Research Archive
• Heitmann, Grethe Berger; Melland, Karin; Laine, Katariina; Flaathen, Eva Marie & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Women´s experiences with being exposed to external aortic compression in the management of postpartum hemorrhage: a qualitative study in Norway. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07914-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Marit Vassbotten; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Nortvedt, Monica Wammen; Nilsen, Roy Miodini & Karlgren, Klas (2025). Nursing master students’ experiences of and reflections on patient safety issues – a mixed-methods study using ecological momentary assessment. BMC Medical Education. 25, p. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-08281-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Patient harm is a serious problem within healthcare services. New methods and technologies improve possibilities to capture students’ experiences in clinical practice. Investigating nursing master students’ experiences may provide important insights about patient safety issues and positive benefits in education. The aim of this study was to explore nursing master students’ experiences and reflections on patient safety issues and adverse events during and after clinical practices. Methods A mixed-methods convergent design was used, employing Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) combining ratings of six patient safety statements (Likert scales, 1 = totally disagree, to 5 = totally agree) with free-text reflections during clinical practice, and interviews after. Analyses of the quantitative data were combined with a thematic analysis of the qualitative data. In total, 16 nursing master students in nurse anaesthesia ( n  = 9), critical care nursing ( n  = 5) and operating room nursing ( n  = 2) participated in EMA during a 14-day period. In total, 105 EMA responses were obtained. All the students were invited to participate in the interviews afterwards, and 10 of them accepted. Results The quantitative data indicated that, overall, the students considered their clinical practice as patient safe. Mean responses to the six statements were: Observed (Mean 2.5), Discussed (4.6), Avoided (2.5), Experienced (2.0), Safe work (4.6), Threatened (1.4). The participants, however, also provided accounts of events jeopardizing patient safety. Analysis of the students’ reflections during clinical practice resulted in three themes: 1) Adverse events or near misses , 2) Communication and interactions in the team and 3) Using security procedures . Post-practice interviews indicated that the EMA led to increased awareness of patient safety issues . Conclusions Overall, few adverse events and near misses were observed. However, our results indicated that such events do occur and thus need to be addressed. The participants reported that engaging in the daily data collection increased their awareness of adverse events, near-misses and things that go well. The EMA method could be useful as a patient safety reflection tool for master nursing students and other healthcare students.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Lunde, Ellen Marie & Andersen, Mona Sand (2025). Nurse Anesthetist-Performed PICC Insertion: A Prospective Longitudinal Study in a Norwegian Hospital. Sage Open Nursing. 11, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1177/23779608251367258. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Hardeland, Camilla; Dehre, Andreas & Larsson, Glenn (2025). Emergency medical services providers’ perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence in prehospital identification of stroke- a qualitative study in Norway and Sweden. BMC Emergency Medicine. 25(1). doi: 10.1186/s12873-025-01300-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Marit Vassbotten; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Nortvedt, Monica Wammen & Karlgren, Klas (2025). Nursing master students’ experiences of and reflections on patient safety issues – A mixed-methods study combining Ecological Momentary Assessment and interviews. BMC Medical Education. doi: https:/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41275210/. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Slang, Renate; Pedersen, Anna Pauline; Matri, Helene Saloua Apenes; Westerlund, Malin Helen & Hovland, Trine [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). An educational intervention to bridge the gap between nurses and nurse assistants– a focus group study in Norway. BMC Nursing. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03909-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Heitmann, Grethe Berger; Meland, Karin; Laine, Hely Katariina; Flaathen, Eva Marie & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Women´s experiences with being exposed to external aortic compression in the management of postpartum hemorrhage: a qualitative study in Norway. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07914-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen; Danielsen, Annette; Jonth, Kersti Cecilia; Brunborg, Ingrid Marie & Jørgensen, Endre Dingstad (2025). Parent Satisfaction With Pediatric Anesthesia—A Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study in Norway. Pediatric Anaesthesia. ISSN 1155-5645. doi: 10.1111/pan.15094. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Parental satisfaction with anesthetic care is utilized as a proxy for child satisfaction. The evidence base regarding parent satisfaction with pediatric anesthesia care is limited. The aim of the current study was to assess (1) parent satisfaction with pediatric anesthesia in three hospitals, (2) potential differences across hospitals, and (3) potential associations between parent satisfaction and the child's age, surgical specialty, hospital, whether the parent previously had followed a child to surgery, and relation to the patient. Methods: The Norwegian version of the “pediatric anesthesia parent satisfaction survey” questionnaire (NPAPS) was used. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis test and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: In total, 234 parents responded. Most respondents agreed that their child had received the highest quality care during the surgical experience (96.4%–97.4%). Nearly all respondents agreed that their questions were responded to (94.6%–97.6%), information was understandable (96.4%–97.4%), the amount of information was appropriate (96.4%–97.4%), the child's integrity was respected (94.6%–97.4%), the child was treated respectfully and professionally (96.45%–97.6%), and that personnel paid attention to the parent's concerns (93.8%–94.7%). Respondents disagreed with being explained how the child might feel physically and emotionally after anesthesia (9.5%–10.5%) and also disagreed with being satisfied with the way the child fell asleep and woke up from anesthesia (5.3%–7.1%). No factors were associated with the level of parent satisfaction, and there were few differences between hospitals. Conclusion: Even if parents are overall satisfied with anesthesia care, improvement areas regarding the preparation of parents and control of postoperative symptoms were detected.

• Anker-Hansen, Camilla; Olsen, Liv Berit; Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Helgesen, Ann Karin & Bååth, Carina Barbro [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2025). The Interplay of Leadership Dynamics and Person-centred Practice in Nursing Homes: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review. Frontiers in Health Services. 5. doi: 10.3389/frhs.2025.1535414. Full text in Research Archive
• Fjærestad, Tobias; Øyrås, Petter Normann; Solbakk, Knut Inge & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Upper airway discomfort – a randomized controlled double-blind trial comparing rocuronium and lidocaine spray for intubation. European Journal of Medical Research. ISSN 0949-2321. 30. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-02798-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background. Endotracheal intubation may be performed using deep anesthesia, neuromuscular blocks, or the topical application of anesthetics on the vocal cords. The null hypothesis in this study was that there is no diference in hoarseness one hour after extubation between patients receiving neuromuscular blocks versus lidocaine sprayed on the glottis for endotracheal intubation. Methods. A randomized, controlled, double-blinded study was conducted. A total of 114 patients were included. Group I (n=58) received rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. Group II (n=56) received lidocaine spray 4 ml (20 mg/ml) on the vocal cords. The primary outcome measure was hoarseness one hour after extubation. Secondary outcomes were hoarseness at 24 and 48 h after extubation, sore throat at 1, 24, and 48 h after extubation, and intubation and extubation conditions. Results. There was no statistically signifcant diference between groups in hoarseness one hour after extubation. At 24 h, Group I had signifcantly more reported hoarseness (27.6%) and observed hoarseness (1.7%) than Group II (12.5% reported) (p=0.03). Group II had a signifcantly sorer throat (21.4%) than Group I (1.7%) (p<0.001) at one hour. Beyond this, there were no diferences between groups. Conclusion. Even though some diferences were observed in hoarseness and sore throat 24 h after extubation, there were few diferences between topical lidocaine spray and the use of neuromuscular blocks before intubation for patient-reported and observed outcomes. Consequently, clinicians should choose an approach based on considerations other than those included in this study, such as the need for muscle relaxation or minimizing the number of laryngoscopies.

• Nygaard-Andersen, Beate; Torbjørnsen, Astrid; Hougaard, Peter Forde; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Wolf, Axel & Finderup, Jeanette (2025). Home-Based Dialysis and Person-Centered Care: A Scoping Review. Nephron. ISSN 1660-8151. doi: 10.1159/000544699. Full text in Research Archive
• Flynn, Fiona M.; Martinesen, Susanne Skard; Øiseth, Frida; Flo, Jill & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Sustainability in the operating room: a cross-sectional survey of nurse anaesthetists’ and operating room nurses’ views and practice. BMC Nursing. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03239-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The healthcare sector is responsible for between 4.4% and 5.2% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and the operating room accounts for 20–30% of hospital waste. Healthcare personnel have a responsibility to develop sustainable healthcare services that reduce waste and pollutants discharged into the environment. Nurse anaesthetists and operating room nurses can play a key role in ensuring sustainable practice in the operating room. The study’s aim was to (1) explore their views and practice regarding climate change, the healthcare sector’s carbon footprint, and sustainable practice in the operating room, (2) assess differences in the way in which the two professions regard these issues, and (3) assess factors which potentially are associated with participants’ views and practice. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three hospital trusts in south-eastern Norway between October 2023 and January 2024. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests and Chi-square analyses. Thematic analysis was used for free-text responses. Results A total of 110 nurse anaesthetists and 88 operating room nurses participated in the survey (response rate = 31%). Almost all participants (96.9%) agreed that the world is facing a climate change crisis. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) between the two professions’ views regarding the individual’s responsibility in reducing the healthcare sector’s carbon footprint. There was also a significant difference in their views regarding whether the health institution provided training to promote sustainable practice (p < 0.001). Both professions recycled waste materials, but there was a significant difference regarding the perceived need for recycling systems (p = 0.03). Three themes emerged from the free-text responses: ‘a need for education and information’, ‘increasing awareness’ and ‘lack of organisational measures’ regarding participants’ perspectives on climate, health and sustainability in the operating room.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Haugen, Arvid Steinar; Ræder, Johan; Finjarn, Therese Jenssen; Isern, Erik Ramon & Aakre, Elin Kismul [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2025). Anesthetic Personnel's Experiences and Perspectives With a National Standard for Safeguarding Anesthesia Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study in Norway. Anesthesiology Research and Practice. ISSN 1687-6962. doi: 10.1155/anrp/6302974. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Globally, anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists collaborate closely during anesthesia administration. However, there is a scarcity of guidelines detailing the division of tasks and responsibilities between these two professions. The Norwegian Standard for the Safe Practice of Anesthesia (NSA) was developed jointly by the Norwegian Association of Anesthesiologists and the Norwegian Association of Nurse Anesthetists as a consensus guideline to safeguard satisfactory anesthetic practice. This study aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists regarding the NSA. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional, observational design, utilizing a questionnaire. A purposive sampling strategy was employed, inviting all members of the two associations (N = 3300) to participate in a web-based survey. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 28. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests were utilized to analyze the data. A two-sided p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In total, 823 respondents (24.9%) completed the questionnaire in September 2024. The results indicate several areas for improvement to achieve the recommended standards of anesthetic practice as outlined by the NSA. Statistically significant differences were observed between responses from anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists. Approximately two-thirds of respondents reported the NSA as relevant to their daily work, and between 13 and 30 percent had experienced or were aware of situations where the standard was utilized in root cause analyses of adverse anesthetic events. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the NSA is employed in clinical practice. However, assuming the NSA ensures satisfactory anesthetic practice, there are several areas requiring improvement. Given the overlapping roles and responsibilities of anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists, the NSA may serve as a model for similar guidelines in other countries.

• Nystrøm, Vivian; Arto, Ohinmaa & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Patient pathways in primary health care – an interview study across various health care personnel in a Canadian and a Norwegian county. BMC Health Services Research. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-11985-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background. Due to demographic changes in the Western world governments emphasize the need for viable solutions, e.g. through decentralization of specialist health care services and better coordination within and between health care services. Both Norway and Canada have been through health care reforms and initiatives aiming to improve continuity and coordination of services. Organizational change to primary care in both countries encompasses both teambased service delivery involving allied health professionals, and new blended payment models. The objective of this study was to explore patient pathways in primary healthcare from various health personnel’s perspectives, and across various primary care organizations in Norway and Canada. Methods. The study had a qualitative design, including interviews with physicians, nurses and managers (n=19) in primary care, from a county in Norway and a region in Canada. Data were analyzed with a thematic approach, in line with recommendations from Braun & Clarke. Results. Three themes were identifed: 1) Structural challenges, 2) Towards a more specialized primary health care and 3) Dedication could improve continuity. Findings indicate that coordinating health care services was assumed diffcult due to diferent health care levels, funding systems, managements, electronic record systems and organizations. Hospitals were assumed more task oriented, while primary health care services were considered more care oriented, and this challenged the coordination across organizations. Primary care services were perceived to be more and more specialized, also representing a threat for coordination and continuity. Health care personnel in both countries perceived that dedicated personnel for each patient could improve information fow and continuity across services. Conclusions. Achieving continuity and coordination of health care services seems challenging. Integration strategies seem essential for reducing silo thinking and fragmentation of health care services.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Westmark, Fredrik; Syversen, Kjell Gunnar & Ulvøy, Lin Eik (2024). A Brief Report of Response Team Members' Perspectives on an Interteam Full-Scale Mass Casualty Incident Exercise in Norway. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. ISSN 1935-7893. 18, p. 1–5. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2024.158. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction A mass casualty incident (MCI) is unpredictable and involves many casualties at the same time and place. This brief report will present the results from an evaluation a full-scale MCI exercise, aiming to increase preparedness for such events, from the perspectives of future health-care professionals, as well as personnel in various emergency teams taking part in MCI response. Methods All participants in a 2-day, full-scale MCI exercise (N = 206) were invited to participate in an investigator-developed survey. Results In total, 124 participants (60.2%) responded to the questionnaire. Most of the respondents were satisfied with the information and frames of the full-scale MCI exercise. Based on their experiences, over half of the respondents perceived that the county ambulance, police, and fire departments were well prepared in case of an MCI in the future. Reported areas of improvement were specifically related to communication lines and triage. Conclusion Weakness in communication lines and triage were assumed a threat to effective handling of MCIs. However, further studies are needed to decide the content needed in MCI exercises to effectively increase regional preparedness for such events.

• Olsen, Espen; Addo, Seth Ayisi Junior; Hernes, Susanne M S; Christiansen, Marit Halonen; Haugen, Arvid Steinar & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Psychometric properties and criterion related validity of the Norwegian version of hospital survey on patient safety culture 2.0. BMC Health Services Research. 24(642). doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-11097-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Several studies have been conducted with the 1.0 version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) in Norway and globally. The 2.0 version has not been translated and tested in Norwegian hospital settings. This study aims to 1) assess the psychometrics of the Norwegian version (N-HSOPSC 2.0), and 2) assess the criterion validity of the N-HSOPSC 2.0, adding two more outcomes, namely ‘pleasure of work’ and ‘turnover intention’. Methods The HSOPSC 2.0 was translated using a sequential translation process. A convenience sample was used, inviting hospital staff from two hospitals (N = 1002) to participate in a cross-sectional questionnaire study. Data were analyzed using Mplus. The construct validity was tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity was tested using Average Variance Explained (AVE), and internal consistency was tested with composite reliability (CR) and Cronbach’s alpha. Criterion related validity was tested with multiple linear regression. Results The overall statistical results using the N-HSOPSC 2.0 indicate that the model fit based on CFA was acceptable. Five of the N-HSOPSC 2.0 dimensions had AVE scores below the 0.5 criterium. The CR criterium was meet on all dimensions except Teamwork (0.61). However, Teamwork was one of the most important and significant predictors of the outcomes. Regression models explained most variance related to patient safety rating (adjusted R2 = 0.38), followed by ‘turnover intention’ (adjusted R2 = 0.22), ‘pleasure at work’ (adjusted R2 = 0.14), and lastly, ‘number of reported events’ (adjusted R2=0.06). Conclusion The N-HSOPSC 2.0 had acceptable construct validity and internal consistency when translated to Norwegian and tested among Norwegian staff in two hospitals. Hence, the instrument is appropriate for use in Norwegian hospital settings. The ten dimensions predicted most variance related to ‘overall patient safety’, and less related to ‘number of reported events’. In addition, the safety culture dimensions predicted ‘pleasure at work’ and ‘turnover intention’, which is not part of the original instrument.

• Grasto, Kristina & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Interprofessional In Situ Simulation’s Impact on Healthcare Personnel’s Competence and Reported Need for Training in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation—A Pilot Study in Norway. Healthcare. 12(19). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background/objectives: International guidelines recommend cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] training every sixth month. However, research indicates that more training is needed to maintain CPR competence. The objectives of this pilot study were (a) to assess health personnel’s self-reported competence and need for more training in CPR before and after interprofessional in situ CPR simulation and (b) to assess time since the last CPR course and respondent’s reported need for more training. Also, we wanted a pilot to assess areas of improvement in a future, larger study. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to healthcare personnel in hospital wards receiving CPR training using a purposeful sampling strategy. Results: In total, 311 respondents answered the pre-intervention and 45 respondents answered the post-intervention survey. The respondents believed they had good knowledge, skills, and training in CPR, and about 2/3 of the respondents reported a need for more knowledge, skills, and training. There was a weak positive correlation between the time since the last CPR course and the perceived need for more training [p < 0.05]. There were no significant differences in self-reported competence or perceived need for more training preand post-intervention. The pilot detected several limitations that need improvement in a future study. Conclusions: The authors suggest that regular training is important for maintaining competence in CPR. Also, in a future study, comparisons at an individual level, as well as assessments by experts and of non-technical skills, should be included.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Brevik, Linda (2024). Cell Phones in the OR: A Cross-Sectional Study of Norwegian Perioperative Nurses’ Knowledge, Practice, and Attitudes. AORN Journal. ISSN 0001-2092. 119(5), p. e1–e10. doi: 10.1002/aorn.14127. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Hansen, Laurits D (2024). Prehospital Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage—A National, Cross-Sectional Study in Norway. Healthcare. 12(18), p. 1–8. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12181894. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a critical birth complication, and is stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as among the five most frequent causes of death during pregnancy. External aortic compression (EAC) is recommended by the WHO as an intervention to achieve temporary bleeding control. An increasing number of births outside hospital underlines the importance of competence in handling potential birth complications, such as PPH. The aim of this study was to assess prehospital personnel’s education, training, knowledge, and experiences regarding PPH and EAC across Norway. Methods: Prehospital personnel were invited to respond to a questionnaire through social media. Questions included those on education, training, knowledge, and experience regarding PPH and EAC. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28 was used to analyze the data, using descriptive statistics. Results: Over a two-month period, 211 prehospital personnel responded to the questionnaire, of whom 55.5% were male. The respondents had an average of 10.3 years of prehospital experience. About half of the respondents had received education (48.6%) and training (62.4%) in PPH management. Still, 95.7 percent reported a need for more education and training. On knowledge questions, only half of the responses were correct (43.7% to 60.5%). Only 21 percent of the respondents had experienced patients with PPH, and of these only 3.8 percent had used EAC. Bimanual uterine compression was the most frequent intervention used (62.5%) across hospital trusts. Conclusions: Even if prehospital personnel receive education and training in the management of PPH and EAC, almost all report needing more. The results indicate a national variation, which may be discussed as to whether it is appropriate.

• Aanderud-Larsen, Cecilie; Østlien, Sara & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Prerequisites for entry to advanced nurse practitioner studies- a qualitative study of Norwegian nurse anesthetist students’ experiences. BMC Medical Education. 24(1), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12909-024-05137-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Nurse anesthesia is acknowledged as advanced practice nursing, and requires independency in patient monitoring and clinical decision-making. In Norway, 2022, a prerequisite to nurse anesthesia education programs of at least two years of clinical nursing experience prior to entry, was removed. The consequences of removing the prerequisite of clinical nursing experience prior to entering the nurse anesthetist education program on academic progression or on students’ qualifications after completion of the program remain unexplored. Hence, the purpose of the current study was to explore nurse anesthetist students’ experiences of the impact their previous clinical nursing experience had on their academic progression. Methods: A qualitative design with semi-structured individual interviews was used. The sample consisted of 12 nurse anesthetist students at the end of the education program. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis in-line with recommendations from Braun & Clarke. Results: Two main themes with in total six subthemes were identified, namely 1) Experience develops non-technical skills, with subthemes (a) feeling secure in task management, (b) recognizing different situations, (c) understanding my role in teamwork, and 2) Integration of non-technical and technical skills, with subthemes (a) possessing procedural competence, (b) taking responsibility in medication administration, and (c) including a patient-centred approach. Previous clinical experience as a nurse prior to entry to a NA education program had provided a basis of non-technical and technical competencies, that supported further learning and development of advanced level competencies that are needed for NAs. Conclusion: Non-technical and technical nursing competence represented a solid base for achievement of anesthesia competence within the same areas, also ensuring patient-centred practice. Hence, the change in prerequisites to the NA education program must be followed by evaluations of consequences on students’ academic progress and competence at the end of the program, as well as a possible increased need for supervision throughout.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Nystrøm, Vivian; Slang, Renate; Olsen, Eilen Elisabeth & Trollnes, Anne Kristin Hole (2024). Digitalization in the Emergency Department—An Interview Study of Nurses’ Experiences in Norway. Nursing Reports. ISSN 2039-439X. 14(2), p. 1414–1423. doi: 10.3390/nursrep14020106. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Emergency departments (EDs) are overcrowded and linked to an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Digitalization in EDs has been shown to increase effectiveness, reduce wait times, and improve performance and patient experience. The purpose of this study was to explore ED nurses’ experiences with digitalization in the ED. Interviews were conducted with eight ED nurses in a Norwegian hospital. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis. Through analysis, three themes were identified, namely (1) consequences for patient safety, (2) influencing communication in the ED, and (3) impacting acute nursing. ED nurses experienced that the digital tools had increased patient safety through accurate documentation and providing a quick overview of the patient. However, digital tools were also seen as a threat to patient safety due to taking focus away from the patient. Digital tools were experienced to have negatively changed the communication both between personnel and between personnel and patients. Also, digital tools impacted the ED nurses’ professional role to a more digitalization-focused approach rather than a patient-oriented approach. These aspects must be included when planning the implementation of new digital tools in EDs in the future.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Wolf, Axel & Nilsson, Ulrica (2024). Patient-Centerdness in the Perioperative Period—A Rapid Review of Current Research. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. ISSN 1089-9472. 39(5), p. 915–920. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.12.028. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose: The indication of surgery is a critical moment in a person’s life implying different needs, feelings, or fears. The aim of the current literature review was to elucidate the prevailing utilization of the concepts ‘patient-centeredness’ and ‘person-centeredness’ within the perioperative period. Design: A rapid review design. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus (Elsevier), American Psychological Association PsychInfo (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (Ovid), and Cochrane Library in December 2022. Rayyan software was used to assess the articles. Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes across the articles. Findings: The electronic database searches identified 1,967 articles. A total of 12 articles were assessed in full text against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and finally, a total of seven articles were included. The articles originated from six countries, employed disparate methodological approaches, and featured a heterogeneous array of participants representing various health care settings. Patient-centeredness held the mantle as the most prominently used concept across the seven articles, whereas person-centeredness emerged as the least frequently explored concept. One theme was identified across the articles; Preparedness. This was related to shared decision-making and information pre, peri- and postoperative. Conclusions This rapid review suggests that patient preparedness, particularly through shared decision-making and providing information, is a recurring theme in the limited studies on patient- or centeredness in the perioperative context. The fact that only one single study focuses on person-centered care underscores the pressing need for a comprehensive re-evaluation of modern perioperative care.

• Nystrøm, Vivian; Lurås, Hilde; Moger, Tron Anders & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Patient experiences and clinical outcomes of admissions to municipal acute wards versus a hospital: A multicentre randomised controlled trial in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 42(4), p. 659–667. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2024.2377727. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: In Norway, municipal acute wards (MAWs) were implemented as alternatives to hospitalisation. Evaluations of the quality of MAW services are lacking. The primary objective of this study was to compare patient experiences after admission to a MAW versus to a hospital. The secondary objective was to compare ‘readmissions’, ‘length of stay’, ‘self-assessed health-related quality of life’ as measured by the EuroQol 5 items 5 level (EQ-5D-5L) index, and ‘health status’ measured by the RAND-12, in patients admitted to a MAW versus a hospital. Methods: A multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT), randomising patients to either MAW or hospital. Results: In total, 164 patients were enrolled in the study; 115 were randomised to MAW and 49 to hospital. There were no significant differences between the MAW and hospital groups regarding patient experience, which was rated positively in both groups. Patients in the MAW group reported significantly better physical health status as measured by the RAND-12 four to six weeks after admittance than those randomised to hospital (physical component summary score, 31.7 versus 27.1, p=0.04). The change in EQ-5D index score from baseline to four to six weeks after admittance was significantly greater among patients randomised to MAWs versus hospitals (0.20 versus 0.02, p=0.03). There were no other significant differences between the MAW and hospital groups. Conclusions: In this study, patient experiences and readmissions were similar, whether patients were admitted to a MAW or a hospital. The significant differences in health status and quality of life favouring the MAWs suggest that these healthcare services may be better for elderly patients. However, unfortunately we did not reach the planned sample size due to challenges in the data collection posed by the Covid-19 pandemic.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Nystrøm, Vivian; Trollnes, Anne Kristin Hole; Slang, Renate & Olsen, Eilen Elisabeth (2024). Digitalization in the operating theatre- an interview study of operating room nurses’ and nurse anesthetists’ experiences in Norway. BMC Nursing. 23(1), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02574-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background; Digitalization in the health sector requires adaptive change in human attitudes and skills. The operating theatres have been introduced to digital innovations through centuries. The aim of this study was to explore operating room (OR) nurses’ and Nurse Anesthetists’ (NAs) experiences with digitalization in the operating theatre. Methods; The study had a qualitative design, using individual interviews with OR nurses and NAs at a Norwegian hospital. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis in-line with recommendations from Braun & Clarke. Results; Two themes were identified, namely (1) Impacting the work processes, and (2) Implications for patient safety. The OR nurses and NAs experienced that digitalization impacted on their work processes positively through making these smoother, but also negatively making the work processes vulnerable for disruptions, leading to a need for parallel actions. Digitalization was experienced to positively impact patient safety for example through making information more accessible. However, digital tools reduced focus on the patient, and then represented a risk to patient safety. Conclusion; OR nurses and NAs perceive that digitalization on one side may facilitate work processes and information flow. However, on the other side digitalization may steel focus on the patient. These aspects should be taken into consideration in quality improvement initiatives and when introducing new digital tools.

• Wevling, Astrid Birgitte & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Positioning the surgical patient – roles, responsibilities and challenges. A qualitative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. 81(2), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1111/jan.16278. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims: The aim was to explore how representatives from the different professions in the surgical team experience roles, responsibilities and challenges in positioning the surgical patient. Background: Appropriate patient positioning on the operating table during surgery is vital for optimal anatomical exposure, access to essential equipment, patient comfort and to minimize the risk of injuries. Patient positioning has been described as a shared responsibility of the entire surgical team. The research on roles and responsibilities in patient positioning during surgery is sparse. Design: The study had a qualitative design, including 16 individual, semi-structured interviews, conducted in November and December 2023. Methods: Participants included surgeons (n = 4), anaesthetists (n = 4), operating room nurses (n = 4) and nurse anaesthetists (n = 4) in a hospital in Southeastern Norway. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six-step Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Results: Three main themes with subthemes were identified, namely (1) A teamwork approach, with subthemes (a) facilitating surgery and (b) health professionals' roles and responsibilities. (2) A patient safety issue, with subthemes (a) risk patients and (b) procedural challenges. (3) Absence of a systematic approach, with subthemes (a) vari- ous approach to second time-out and (b) documentation and feedback issues. Conclusion: Appropriate and safe positioning during surgery is a common respon- sibility of all members of the surgical team. Despite the common assumption that surgeons hold the primary responsibility, the operating room nurses seemed to hold the hands-on responsibility. Different health professionals emphasized different risk patients, risk procedures and perceived challenges. This suggests a connection be- tween the specific focus of distinct professional domains, their tasks and expertise within the surgical context. Impact: There is a lack of clear guidelines outlining roles and the distribution of re- sponsibility in patient positioning, which may be a safety concern. A need for review- ing responsibilities and defining roles is identified. Systematic follow-up of documentation of post- operative observation and docu- mentation of skin status and the “second time-out” procedure is crucial to establish measures rooted in guidelines supported by both professional and administrative management. This dual commitment may ensure a comprehensive strategy for sys- tematic follow-up, fostering a culture of continuous improvement

• Aasheim, Anders; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Romundstad, Luis Georg (2024). Depth of anesthesia monitoring in Norway—A web-based survey. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 68(6). doi: 10.1111/aas.14420. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The bispectral index (BIS) monitor is the most frequently used electroencephalogram (EEG)-based depth of anesthesia (DoA) technology in Norwegian hospitals. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the extent and clinical impact of its use and how anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists use the information provided by the DoA monitors in their clinical practice. Methods: This cross-sectional survey on the use of DoA monitors in Norway used a web-based questionnaire distributed to anesthesia personnel in all hospitals in Norway. Participation was voluntary and anonymized, and the web form could not track IP sources or respondents' locations. Results: Three hundred and ninety-one nurse anesthetists (n = 324) and anesthesiologists (n = 67) responded. Among the EEG-based DoA monitoring tools, BIS was most often used to observe and assess patients' DoA (98%). Raw EEG waveform analysis (10%), EEG-spectrogram (9%), and suppression rate (10%) were seldom used. Twenty-seven percent of the anesthesia personnel were able to recognize a burst suppression pattern on EEG and its significance. Fifty-eight percent of the respondents considered clinical observations more reliable than BIS. Almost all respondents reported adjusting anesthetic dosage based on the BIS index values (80%). However, the anesthetic dose was more often increased (90%) because of high BIS index values than lowered (55%) because of low BIS index values. Conclusion: Despite our respondents' extensive use of DoA monitoring, the anesthesia personnel in our survey did not use all the information and the potential to guide the titration of anesthetics the DoA monitors provide. Thus, anesthesia personnel could generally benefit from increased knowledge of how EEG-based DoA monitoring can be used to assess and determine individual patients' need for anesthetic medication.

• Nymberg, Peter; Bandel, Ida; Bolmsjö, Beata Borgström; Wolff, Moa; Calling, Susanna & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). How do patients experience and use home blood pressure monitoring? A qualitative analysis with UTAUT 2. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 42(4), p. 593–601. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2024.2368849. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor with potentially harmfulconsequences. home blood pressure monitoring is a promising method for following the effectof hypertension treatment. the use of technology-enabled care and increased patient involvementmight contribute to more effective treatment methods. however, more knowledge is needed toexplain the motivations and consequences of patients engaging in what has been called ‘do-it-yourself healthcare’.Aim: this study aimed to investigate patients’ experiences of home blood pressure monitoringthrough the theoretical frame of the Unified theory of acceptance and Use of technology(UtaUt 2). Methods: the study had a qualitative design, with focus group interviews using theweb-based platform Zoom. the data were analysed using qualitative deductive content analysis,inspired by Graneheim and lundman.Results: the results are presented using the seven theoretical constructs of UtaUt 2: Performanceexpectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, Facilitating conditions, hedonistic Motivation,Price Value and habit. We found one overarching theme ‒ ‘it’s all about the feeling of security’.the patients were influenced by relatives or healthcare personnel and experienced the homemonitoring process as being easy to conduct. the patients emphasised that the quality of theblood pressure monitor was more important than the price. Patients reported home monitoringof blood pressure as a feasible method to follow-up care of their hypertension.Discussion: this study indicates that among motivated patients, home blood pressuremeasurement entails minimal effort, increases security, and leads to better communication aboutblood pressure between healthcare personnel and patients.

• Sørenstua, Marie; Ræder, Johan; Vamnes, Jan Sverre & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Evaluation of the Erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair: a randomized placebo controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiology. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12871-024-02566-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background. The Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) reduces postoperative pain after several types of abdominal laparoscopic surgeries.. There is sparse data on the efect of ESPB in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. The purpose of this study was to test the postoperative analgesic efcacy of an ESPB for this procedure. Methods. In this prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study, adult patients undergoing laparoscopic ventral hernia repair were randomly assigned to either bilateral preoperative ESPB with catheters at the level of Th7 (2×30 ml of either 2.5 mg/ml ropivacaine or saline), with postoperative catheter top ups every 6 h for 24 h. The primary outcome was rescue opioid consumption during the frst hour postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were total opioid consumption at 4 h and 24 h, pain scores, nausea, sedation, as well as Quality of Recovery 15 (QoR-15) and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) during the frst week. Results. In total, 64 patients were included in the primary outcome measure. There was no signifcant diference in rescue opioid consumption (oral morphine equivalents (OME)) at one hour postoperatively, with the ESPB group 26.9±17.1 mg versus 32.4±24.3 mg (mean±SD) in the placebo group (p=0.27). There were no signifcant diferences concerning the secondary outcomes during the seven-day observation period. Seven patients received a rescue block postoperatively, providing analgesia in fve patients. Conclusion. We found no diference in measured outcomes between ESPB and placebo in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. Future studies may evaluate whether a block performed using higher concentration and/or at a diferent thoracic level provides more analgesic efcacy.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Hardeland, Camilla; Hallgren, Jenny; Femdal, Ingrid; Thapa, Dip Raj & Helgesen, Ann Karin [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Nursing students’ attitudes towards the use of digital technology in the healthcare of older people- a cross-sectional study in Norway and Sweden. BMC Nursing. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01600-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bååth, Carina Barbro; Helgesen, Ann Karin; Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen & Hardeland, Camilla (2023). Person-Centeredness in Digital Primary Healthcare Services—A Scoping Review. Healthcare. 11(9). doi: 10.3390/healthcare11091296. Full text in Research Archive
• Lindholm, Espen; Hegde, Inger Johanne; Saltnes, Cathrine; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & AASHEIM, ERLEND T. (2023). Climate change, sustainability and anesthesiology practice: A national survey among anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists in Norway. The Journal of Climate Change and Health. 13, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.joclim.2023.100259. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: In the face of climate change the health sector will need to tackle both the increasing consequen- ces for health worldwide and to reduce its own carbon footprint, which is estimated at 4.4% of global emis- sions. Raising the voice of health professionals has been identified as paramount to achieving the wide-scale and urgent response required to limit the consequences of climate change for health. Among health profes- sionals, anesthetic practitioners are ideally placed to lead the way given that they make daily decisions regarding anesthetic gasses with a considerable footprint on climate and the environment. Methods: Here, we describe a cross-sectional nationwide survey among 3,300 anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists in Norway, focusing on climate change, health, and sustainable anesthetic care. Responses were tabulated and characterized using descriptive statistics. Results: A large majority of the responding anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists (n = 697, response rate 21.1%) agreed or strongly agreed that the world is facing a climate crisis; that nurses and doctors have a par- ticular responsibility to warn about health threats; and that health organizations should limit their impact on climate and the environment. We found that desflurane is still widely used in Norway, despite its high cli- mate footprint. We also identified several barriers to development of sustainable anesthetic care, including a lack of easy access to waste management systems, an absence of guidelines which promote sustainable care, and inadequate means for disposal of drug residues. Conclusions: Alongside other surveys, the present survey identifies safe and feasible adjustments to anes- thetic practice which can give substantial emission reductions, pave the way for a wider health sector response, and yield considerable benefits to planetary health.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Hardeland, Camilla; Helgesen, Ann Karin; Bååth, Carina Barbro; Busso, Lilliana Andrea Del & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2023). The Use of Robotic Technology in the Healthcare of People above the Age of 65—A Systematic Review. Healthcare. 11(6). doi: 10.3390/healthcare11060904. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). The Impact of Clinical Experience in Advanced Practice Nursing Education—A Cross-Sectional Study of Norwegian Advanced Practice Nurses’ Perspectives. Nursing Reports. ISSN 2039-439X. 13(3), p. 1304–1317. doi: 10.3390/nursrep13030110. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: An Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) is a specialized nurse who has acquired context specific knowledge, complex decision-making skills, and clinical competencies. Previously in Norway, APN education programs had a prerequisite of a minimum of two years of clinical nursing experience. Recently, the government decided to abandon this prerequisite. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess APN’s and APN students’ (1) perspectives on the impact of clinical nursing experience on various aspects of nursing practice, (2) perspectives on the association between APN students’ previous clinical experience and the ability to achieve the learning outcomes in the education program, and (3) attitudes towards clinical nursing practice as a prerequisite before entry to APN education programs. Design: An observational, cross-sectional design. Methods: APN and APN students were invited to respond to a researcher-developed questionnaire. A snowballing sampling method was used. The questionnaire included 24 questions scored on a five-point Likert scale, and two questions with text responses. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and text responses with thematic analysis. Results: In total, 1767 APNs (92.9%) and APN students (7.1%) responded. Between 93.6 and 98.2% of the respondents (n = 1767) agreed that clinical nursing experience leads to experience with communication, collaboration, basic procedures, medical equipment and documentation, and to the development of situation awareness, increased awareness on own role in teams, the ability to provide person-centered nursing, an independent nursing identity, and feeling of security. Over 90% of the respondents agreed that students’ previous clinical experience was associated with the ability to achieve the learning outcomes in the APN program. In addition, 93.7% of the respondents agreed that clinical nursing experience should be a prerequisite before entry to APN programs. Advantages of clinical experience were reported as ‘Professional identity’, ‘Intuitive grasp’, ‘Integration of technical skills’, and ‘See the whole picture’. Disadvantages were reported as ‘Prejudice and bad habits’, ‘The importance of relevant experience’, and ‘Recruitment issues’. Conclusion: This study adds insights into the impact of clinical nursing experience as a prerequisite to APN education programs. The results indicate that clinical nursing experience is an essential contributor to the development of nursing competence and a nursing identity. This study was not registered.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Flynn, Fiona M.; Bruun, Anne Marie Gran & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2023). Fagutviklingssykepleiere og lederes erfaringer med anestesisykepleiere med mastergrad- en tverrsnittstudie i Norge. Nordisk sygeplejeforskning. ISSN 1892-2678. 13(3). doi: 10.18261/nsf.13.3.3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Anestesisykepleierutdanningen varierer i Norden. Tidligere studier har utforsket forventninger til masterkompetanse. Formålet var å utforske fagutviklingssykepleiere og ledere på anestesiavdelinger i Norge sine erfaringer med anestesisykepleiere med mastergrad. Vi hadde en hypotese om at fagutviklingssykepleiere og ledere hadde ulike erfaringer, og at de med og de uten masterkompetanse hadde ulike erfaringer. Metode: Tverrsnittsundersøkelse med bruk av spørreskjema. Ledere (n=75) og fagutviklingssykepleiere (n=161) innen anestesisykepleie fra hele Norge deltok. Resultat: Totalt 30 ledere (40%) og 60 fagutviklingssykepleiere (37%) responderte. Respondentene erfarte at masterkompetanse i svært stor eller stor grad bidrar til fagutvikling og kunnskapsbasert praksis. Likevel er det varierende om og hvordan det tilrettelegges for masterutdanning. Respondentene med masterutdanning var signifikant mer positiv til masterutdanning sammenlignet med de uten masterutdanning. Konklusjon: Til tross for positive erfaringer med masterkompetanse i anestesisykepleie, tilrettelegges det i liten grad i avdelingene for at studenter skal kunne gjennomføre masterutdanningen. Background: Nurse anaesthesia education varies in content and length. Previous studies explored expectations to master’s degrees. The aim of this study was to explore professional development practitioners and managers and their experiences with nurse anaesthetists with a master’s degree. We hypothesised that experiences varied between professional development practitioners and managers, and between those with and without a master’s degree. Methods: Cross-sectional survey. Managers (n=75) and professional development practitioners (n=161) were invited. Results: In total, 30 managers (40%) and 60 professional development practitioners (37%) responded. A master’s degree was seen as contributing to professional development and evidence-based practice. The extent to which departments facilitated for employees or students to take a master’s degree varied. Respondents with a master’s degree were significantly more positive compared with those without a degree. Conclusion: Despite positive experiences with a master’s degree in nurse anaesthesia, departments made little effort to facilitate students taking a degree.

• Hardeland, Camilla; Svendsen, Edel Jannecke; Heitmann, Grethe Berger & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Healthcare personnel self-assessed competence and knowledge following implementation of a new guideline on maternal resuscitation in Norway. A repeated measures study. Health Science Reports. 6(1), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1035. Full text in Research Archive
• Friberg, Fredrik Femtehjell; Nilsson, Helene & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). When disaster strikes: staff recall and the use of staff recall systems during mass patient influx at Norwegian emergency primary health care centers – a cross-sectional study. BMC Emergency Medicine. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12873-023-00802-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Drageset, Sigrunn; Ellingsen, Sidsel; Finjarn, Therese Jenssen; Sandvik, Leiv & Olsen, Marit Vassbotten (2023). Nurse Anesthetist Practice Over 40 Years: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Norway. AANA journal. ISSN 0094-6354. 91(5), p. 364–370. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Research focusing on the scope of practice by nurse anesthetists (NAs) is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine NAs’ scope of practice in Norway, and to explore whether and how this has changed during the period from 1979 to 2018. The study had a repeated cross- sectional design. All members of the Norwegian Association of Nurse Anesthetists at the four time-points (1979, 1989, 1999 and 2018) were invited to participate in a questionnaire study. Inclusion criteria were education and work as an NA and currently working in Norway. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings indicate that the scope of NAs’ practice in Norway has been increasingly restricted from 1979 to 2018 (N = 2171, P < .001). Additionally, the presence of an anesthesiologist when performing anesthesia had significantly increased during that time (39% in 1979 vs 90% in 2018). However, NAs’ independent practice significantly increased in some areas, such as handling of acute situations, (i.e., handling of laryngospasm/bronchospasm [41% in 1979 versus 54% in 2018]). International and national standards underline the independent role of NAs. The development shown in our results should be addressed to avoid further restrictions of NAs’ scope of practice.

• Sørenstua, Marie; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Chin, Ki Jinn (2023). Dorsal root ganglion: A key to understanding the therapeutic effects of the erector spinae plane (ESP) and other intertransverse process blocks? Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. ISSN 1098-7339. 48. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104816. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Since its description in 2016, the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has become a widely employed regional anesthetic technique and kindled interest in a range of related techniques, collectively termed intertransverse process blocks. There has been ongoing controversy over mechanism of action of the ESPB, mainly due to incongruities between results of cutaneous sensory testing, clinical efficacy studies, and investigations into the neural structures that are reached by injected local anesthetic (LA). This paper reviews the spread of LA to the paravertebral and epidural space and the cutaneous anesthesia in ESPB, with specific emphasis on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). We hypothesize that the DRG, due to its unique and complex microarchitecture, represents a key therapeutic target for modulation of nociceptive signaling in regional anesthesia. This paper discusses how the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the DRG may be one of the factors underpinning the clinical analgesia observed in ESPB and other intertransverse process blocks.

• Hansen, Mette Tindvik; Olsen, Richard M.; Brynhildsen, Siri Ellen Adelaide & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Nursing students' perceived stress, self-efficacy, control and evaluation of a course in systematic clinical observation, physical assessment and decision-making: An observational study in Norway. Nursing Open. 00. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1368. Full text in Research Archive
• Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen; Helgesen, Ann Karin; Holm, Elisabet Nilsen; Magnussen, Jannik & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Remote monitoring of cancer patients during the Covid-19 pandemic – an interview study of nurses’ and physicians’ experiences. BMC Nursing. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00953-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Nystrøm, Vivian; Lurås, Hilde; Moger, Tron Anders & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Finding good alternatives to hospitalisation: a data register study in five municipal acute wards in Norway. BMC Health Services Research. 22, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08066-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: In Norway, municipal acute wards (MAWs) have been implemented in primary healthcare since 2012. The MAWs were intended to offer decentralised acute medical care 24/7 for patients who otherwise would be admit‑ ted to hospital. The aim of this study was to assess whether the MAW represents the alternative to hospitalisation as intended, through 1) describing the characteristics of patients intended as candidates for MAWs by primary care physicians, 2) exploring the need for extended diagnostics prior to admission in MAWs, and 3) exploring factors asso‑ ciated with patients being transferred from the MAWs to hospital. Methods: The study was based on register data from five MAWs in Norway in the period 2014–2020. Results: In total, 16 786 admissions were included. The median age of the patients was 78 years, 60% were women, and the median length of stay was three days. Receiving oral medication (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09–1.40), and the MAW being located nearby the hospital (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.92–2.72) were factors associated with patients admitted to MAW after extended diagnostics. Patients needing advanced treatment, such as oxygen therapy (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.81–2.51), intravenous medication (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.45–1.81), intravenous fluid therapy (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19–1.47) and MAWs with long travel distance from the MAW to the hospital (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.22–1.74) had an increased odds for being transferred to hospital. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that MAWs do not represent the alternative to hospitalisation as intended. The results show that patients receiving extended diagnostics before admission to MAW got basic treatment, while patients in need of advanced medical treatment were transferred to hospital from a MAW. This indicates that there is still a potential to develop MAWs in order to fulfil the intended health service level

• Hardeland, Camilla; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Isern, Cecilie Benedicte & Berge, Hilde Moseby (2022). Experiences of cardiac arrest survivors among young exercisers in Norway: A qualitative study. Resuscitation Plus. 11. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100293. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim: To explore how young exercisers experience surviving sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), focusing on interpretation of warning signs and experi-ences with the healthcare system. Methods: The study had a qualitative design, and data was collected using individual, semi-structured interviews. Inclusion criteria were SCA sur-vivors aged 18–50 years old who reported at least five hours of exercise/week prior to SCA, or who suffered SCA during or 60 min after exercise. Results: 18 interviews were performed (4 females), age range 19–49 years old. Analysis identified the themes [1] neglected warning signs, [2] fluc-tuating between gratitude and criticism and [3] one size does not fit all. When young exercisers experienced symptoms such as fainting, chest pain, arrythmia, shortness of breath and fatigue, these were often ignored by either the participants, healthcare personnel or both. SCA survivors were grateful to the healthcare system and for the efforts made by healthcare personnel, but experienced a mismatch between what patients needed and could utilize, and what they actually received regarding both information and individualised services. Being young exercisers, the participants reported to have individual needs, but treatment and rehabilitation were not adapted and were mainly targeted to rehabilitation of older patients. Conclusion: Patients and healthcare personnel should be aware of cardiac related symptoms and warning signs for SCA, and these should be properly assessed in the population of young exercisers. SCA survivors need useful and repeated information. The needs of SCA survivors among young exercisers require individualisation of services

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bekkhus, Egil; Tvete, Kristin Næss; Hovland, Trine; Haglund, Dennis & Wevling, Astrid Birgitte (2022). A Longitudinal Study of Patient Reported Positioning-Related Discomfort and Pain after Laparoscopic Surgery in the Lithotomy Position. Open Journal of Nursing. ISSN 2162-5336. 12(10), p. 650–664. doi: 10.4236/ojn.2022.1210045. Full text in Research Archive
• Sørenstua, Marie; Ræder, Johan; Vamnes, Jan Sverre & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Efficacy of a TAP block versus an anterior QLB for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: A randomised controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 67(2), p. 221–229. doi: 10.1111/aas.14160. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Both the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and the anterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB) have been shown effective in reducing postoperative pain after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Our hypothesis was that there is no difference in analgesic effect between the two blocks for this procedure. Methods In this prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled study, 60 adult patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair were equally randomly assigned to either a preoperative TAP block or an anterior QLB. The primary outcome was oral morphine equivalent (OME) consumption at 4 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were OME consumption at 24, 48 h and 7 days, pain scores at rest and when coughing, nausea, and level of sedation measured at 1, 2, 3, 24, and 48 h and 7 days postoperatively. Results Fifty-three patients completed the study. There was no significant difference in OME consumption at 4 h postoperatively, TAP group (10.3 ± 7.85 mg) (mean ± SD) versus the anterior QLB group (10.9 ± 10.85 mg) (p = .713). The pain scores were similar at rest and when coughing during the 7 day observation period, as were the level of sedation and incidence of nausea. There were no cases of serious side-effects or muscle weakness of the thigh on the same side as the block. Conclusion There is no difference in OME consumption, pain, nausea or sedation between the TAP and the anterior QLB. Thus, the choice between the two blocks in a clinical setting of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair should be based on other aspects, such as skills, practicalities, and potential risks.

• Bruun, Anne Marie Gran; Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Moral Courage: Student Registered Nurse Anesthetist Experiences on the Operating Team. AANA journal. ISSN 0094-6354. 90(2), p. 121–126. Full text in Research Archive
• Bruun, Anne Marie Gran; Svensen, Katrine; Johansen, Elin; Halstensen, Thor-David; Gustavsson, Anette Kristina & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). A quantitative, multicentre, longitudinal study of patient experiences after gynaecological day surgery. Nursing Open. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1403. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim: The aim of this study was to explore patients' experiences after gynaecological day surgery one and 30 days postoperatively, as well as potential factors influencing these experiences. Design: The study had a multicentre, quantitative, longitudinal design. Methods: The study was conducted in three different hospitals' day surgical unit and included patients undergoing gynaecological surgery in general anaesthesia. We used a questionnaire including the European Quality of Life tool (EQ5D3L), the Quality-of-Recovery-15 questionnaire (QoR-15) and items relating to patient experiences, the first day (T1, n = 444) and 30 days (T2, n = 193) after surgery. Data were collected in the period March 2019 to March 2020. Results: Results show that patients mainly had positive experiences and ranged quality of recovery high, even though some areas needed improvement. Patient scores on the QoR-15 relating to their experiences 24 h postoperative were rated higher at T1 than at T2. Twenty per cent of the respondents experienced complications such as infection, haemorrhage and pain. About 1/5 of these contacted healthcare services, and three per cent was hospitalized. EQ5D score was the only factor that made an statistically significant impact on patients' experiences with quality of recovery (R2 .169, F = 82.87). However, this effect was weak.

• Sørenstua, Marie; Zantalis, Nikolaos; Ræder, Johan; Vamnes, Jan Sverre & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Spread of local anesthetics after erector spinae plane block: an MRI study in healthy volunteers. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. ISSN 1098-7339. 48(2), p. 74–79. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104012. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a truncal fascial block with a disputed mechanism and anatomical site of effect. This study aimed to perform a one-sided ESPB and use MRI to investigate the spread of the local anesthetic (LA) and the corresponding cutaneous loss of sensation to pinprick and cold. Methods Ten volunteers received a right-sided ESPB at the level of the seventh thoracic vertebra (Th7), consisting of 30 mL 2.5 mg/mL ropivacaine with 0.3 mL gadolinium. The primary outcome was the evaluation of the spread of LA on MRI 1-hour postblock. The secondary outcome was the loss of sensation to cold and pinprick 30–50 min after the block was performed. Results All volunteers had a spread of LA on MRI in the erector spinae muscles and to the intercostal space. 9/10 had spread to the paravertebral space and 8/10 had spread to the neural foramina. 4/10 volunteers had spread to the epidural space. One volunteer had extensive epidural spread as well as contralateral epidural and foraminal spread. Four volunteers had a loss of sensation both posterior and anterior to the midaxillary line, while six volunteers had a loss of sensation only on the posterior side. Conclusion We found that LA consistently spreads to the intercostal space, the paravertebral space, and the neural foramina after an ESPB. Epidural spread was evident in four volunteers. Sensory testing 30–50 min after an ESPB shows highly variable results, and generally under-represents what could be expected from the visualized spread on MRI 60 min after block performance. Trial registration number NCT05012332.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bruun, Anne Marie Gran & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2022). Anaesthesia personnels’ perspectives on digital anaesthesia information management systems – a qualitative study. BMC Nursing. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00998-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Hardeland, Camilla; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Isern, Cecilie Benedicte & Berge, Hilde Moseby (2022). The aftermath of surviving a sudden cardiac arrest for young exercisers- a qualitative study in Norway. BMC Health Services Research. 22(1), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08674-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: When surviving a sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), physical, cognitive, and emotional efects of surviving may be present for months or years. The survivors’ family and colleagues are also highly afected by the incident. There is little knowledge about experiences of surviving SCA in individuals who prior to the incident were young and reported to exercise regularly. Consequently, the aim of this study was to explore the aftermath of surviving a SCA in young, regular exercisers. Methods: The study had a qualitative design, conducting in-depth individual interviews with SCA survivors<50 years of age reporting to exercise≥5 h/week and/or who sufered SCA during or less than 60 min after exercise. The data were analysed using systematic text condensation in-line with recommendations from Malterud. Results: 18 of 31 eligible participants were included in the study. Through analysis we identifed ‘Establishing a new everyday life’ as superordinate category, with subordinate categories a) being part of my surroundings, b) expecting normality but facing a new reality and c) lucky to be alive! Conclusion: This study adds knowledge about young and regular exercisers’ experiences after surviving a SCA. The obligations of everyday life in young survivors of SCA often imply a high work load and complex tasks, e.g. due to being in the beginning of their career or even still studying. Healthcare personnel, as well as the society, need to acknowledge that although lucky to be alive and apparently well-functioning, young survivors of SCA may have per‑sistent challenges that cause frustration and reduced quality of life.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Werner, Anne; Lurås, Hilde & Johannessen, Anne-Kari M. (2022). Hospital physicians’ experiences and reflections on their work and role in relation to older patients’ pathways - a qualitative study in two Norwegian hospitals. BMC Health Services Research. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-07846-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Older patients are the most frequent users of initial hospital admissions and readmissions. Both hosptal admission and discharge require communication and coordination between healthcare professionals within the hospital, and between professionals in hospitals and primary healthcare. We have identifed few studies exploring hospital physicians’ perspectives on older patients’ pathways in the interface between hospital and primary healthcare services. The aim of this study was to explore hospital physicians’ experiences and refections on their work and role in relation to older patients’ pathways between hospital and primary healthcare. Specifcally, we focused on the challenges they faced and how they dealt with these in relation to admission and discharge, and their suggestions for service improvements that could facilitate older patients’ pathway. Methods: We used a qualitative approach, conducting individual in-depth interviews with 18 hospital physicians from two hospitals in eastern Norway. Data were analyzed using systematic text condensation, in line with a four-step prosedure developed by Malterud. Results: The participants emphasized challenges in the communication about patients across the two service levels. Moreover, they described being in a squeeze between prioritizing patients and trying to ensure a proper fow of patients through the hospital wards, but with restricted possibilities to infuence on the admissions. They also described a frustration regarding the lack of infuence on the healthcare delivery after discharge. The participants had various suggestions for service improvements which might be benefcial to older patients. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the hospital physicians perceived being squeezed between professional autonomy and limited capacity at the hospital, and between their medical judgement as a specialist and their power to decide on hospital admissions for old patients and also on the delivery of health care services to patients after discharge.

• Høyum-Johansen, Gro Merete; Olsen, Brita Fosser; Wevling, Astrid Birgitte & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). En kvalitativ studie av studenters egenopplevde kompetanseutvikling gjennom videreutdanning. Nordisk tidsskrift for helseforskning. ISSN 1504-3614. 18(2). doi: 10.7557/14.6298. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Helgesen, Ann Karin; Stensvold, Andreas; Magnussen, Jannik & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2022). Cancer patients’ perspectives on remote monitoring at home during the COVID-19 pandemic- a qualitative study in Norway. BMC Health Services Research. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-07897-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Brynhildsen, Siri Ellen Adelaide; Hansen, Mette Tindvik & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2021). Supervising students in a complex nursing practice- a focus group study in Norway. BMC Nursing. 20(1). doi: 10.1186/s12912-021-00693-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Vamnes, Jan Sverre; Sørenstua, Marie; Solbakk, Knut Inge; Sterud, Birgitte & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Anterior quadratus lumborum block for ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Croatian Medical Journal. ISSN 0353-9504. 62(2), p. 137–142. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2021.62.137. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Svensen, Katrine (2021). Patient experiences following day surgery- translation and validation of the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15nor) questionnaire. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. 15. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleienf.2020.82819. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Utfordringen med å skape sammenhengende helse- og omsorgstjenester. Tidsskrift for omsorgsforskning. ISSN 2387-5976. 7(2), p. 97–100. doi: 10.18261/issn.2387-5984-2021-02-08. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Espen & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Use of the hospital survey of patient safety culture in Norwegian hospitals: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(12), p. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126518. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This review aims to provide an overview of empirical studies using the HSOPSC in Norway and to develop recommendations for further research on patient safety culture. Oria, an online catalogue of scientific databases, was searched for patient safety culture in February 2021. In addition, three articles were identified via Google Scholar searches. Out of 113 retrieved articles, a total of 20 articles were included in our review. These were divided into three categories: seven perception studies, six intervention studies, and seven reliability and validation studies. The first study conducted in Norway indicated a need to improve patient safety culture. Only one intervention study was able to substantially improve patient safety culture. The validity of HSOPSC is supported in most studies. However, one study indicated poor quality in relation to the testing of criteria related to validity. This review is limited to Norwegian healthcare but has several relevant implications across the research field, namely that intervention studies should (1) validate dimensions more carefully, (2) avoid pitfalls related to both factor analysis methods and criteria validity testing, (3) consider integrating structural models into multilevel improvement programs, and (4) benefit from applying different, new versions of HSOPSC developed in Norway.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Helgesen, Ann Karin; Ulvøy, Lin Eik & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2021). Prehospital assessment and management of postpartum haemorrhage– healthcare personnel’s experiences and perspectives. BMC Emergency Medicine. 21(98). doi: 10.1186/s12873-021-00490-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  <i>Background</i> - Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious obstetric emergency, and one of the top five causes of maternal mortality globally. The most common causes of PPH include uterine atony, placental disorders, birth trauma and coagulation defects. Timely diagnosis and early management are critical to reduce morbidity, the need for blood transfusion or even mortality. External, manual aortic compression (AC) has been suggested as an intervention that reduce PPH and extend time for control of bleeding or resuscitation. This procedure is not commonly utilized by healthcare personnel. The incidence of home-births is increasing, and competence in PPH assessment and management is essential in prehospital personnel. The objective was to explore prehospital personnel’s competence in PPH and AC, utilizing different tools.<br><br> <i>Methods</i> - The study was conducted in a county in South-eastern Norway, including five ambulance stations. All prehospital personnel (<i>n</i> = 250) were invited to participate in a questionnaire study. The questionnaire included the PPH self-efficacy (PPHSE) and PPH collective efficacy (PPHCE) tools, as well as tool developed utilizing the Delphi technique. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data, while quantitative content analysis was used to analyse free-text responses.<br><br> <i>Results</i> - A total of 87 prehospital personnel responded to the questionnaire, 57.5% male, mean age 37.9 years. In total, 80.4% were ambulance workers and/or paramedics, and 96.6 and 97.7% respectively reported to need more education or training in PPH. Moreover, 82.8% reported having managed patient(s) with PPH, but only 2.9% had performed AC. Prehospital personnels’ responses varied extensively regarding knowledge about what PPH is, how to estimate and handle PPH, and how to perform AC. Mean self-efficacy varied from 3.3 to 5.6, while collective efficacy varied from 1.9 to 3.8.<br><br> <i>Conclusions</i> - This study indicates that prehospital personnel lack knowledge about PPH and AC, due to various responses to the developed questionnaire. Even though AC is an acknowledged intervention in PPH, few participants reported that this was utilized. Our findings emphasize the need for education and training in PPH and PPH handling generally, and in AC specifically.

• Gregersen, Anne-Grethe; Hansen, Mette Tindvik; Brynhildsen, Siri Ellen Adelaide; Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Students' Perspectives on Learning Practical Nursing Skills: A Focus Group Study in Norway. Nursing Research and Practice. ISSN 2090-1429. 2021. doi: 10.1155/2021/8870394. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Brynhildsen, Siri Ellen Adelaide; Hansen, Mette Tindvik & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2021). Nursing supervisors’ perspectives on student preparedness before clinical placements- a focus group study, PLOS ONE. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252483. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bruun, Anne Marie Gran & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2021). Anesthesia personnels’ experiences with digital anesthesia information management systems: A literature review. AANA journal. ISSN 0094-6354. 89(6), p. 509–514. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Traditionally, anesthetic records were in paper format. An increasing volume of complex data, legislation, and quality improvement initiatives related to clinical documentation have promoted the transition to digital records. Anesthesia information management systems (AIMS) have been designed to directly extract patient information from the anesthesia workstation and transmit the data into documentation systems and databases. The purpose of this review was to explore existing literature on anesthesia personnel’s experiences with digital AIMS. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Embase, and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. A total of 473 records were identified, of which 40 records were read in full-text. Seven records underwent quality appraisal, representing research from 1991 to 2018, all with a quantitative design. In total, 379 anesthesia personnel were included. Five studies were conducted in the United States; 1, in Korea; and 1, in Germany. Results were collated into the themes user satisfaction, technical aspects, physical placement of the system, paper-based vs electronic data entry, quality of care, and suggestions for improvement. Findings indicate both positive and negative effects of AIMS. Anesthesia personnel’s experiences should be included in the planning, development, and implementation of digital data entry systems.

• Nystrøm, Vivian; Lurås, Hilde; Midlov, Patrik & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). What if something happens tonight? A qualitative study of primary care physicians’ perspectives on an alternative to hospital admittance. BMC Health Services Research. 21(1), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06444-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Due to demographic changes, hospital emergency departments in many countries are overcrowded. Internationally, several primary healthcare models have been introduced as alternatives to hospitalisation. In Norway, municipal acute wards (MAWs) have been implemented as primary care wards that provide observation and medical treatment for 24 h. The intention is to replace hospitalisation for patients who require acute admission but not specialist healthcare services. The aim of this study was to explore primary care physicians’ (PCPs’) perspectives on admission to a MAW as an alternative to hospitalisation. Methods The study had a qualitative design, including interviews with 21 PCPs in a county in southeastern Norway. Data were analysed with a thematic approach. Results The PCPs described uncertainty when referring patients to the MAW because of the fewer diagnostic opportunities there than in the hospital. Admission of patients to the MAW was assumed to be unsafe for both PCPs, MAW nurses and physicians. The PCPs assumed that medical competence was lower at the MAW than in the hospital, which led to scepticism about whether their tentative diagnoses would be reconsidered if needed and whether a deterioration of the patients’ condition would be detected. When referring patients to a MAW, the PCPs experienced disagreements with MAW personnel about the suitability of the patient. The PCPs emphasised the importance of patients’ and relatives’ participation in decisions about the level of treatment. Nevertheless, such participation was not always possible, especially when patients’ wishes conflicted with what PCPs considered professionally sound. Conclusions The PCPs reported concerns regarding the use of MAWs as an alternative to hospitalisation. These concerns were related to fewer diagnostic opportunities, lower medical expertise throughout the day, uncertainty about the selection of patients and challenges with user participation. Consequently, these concerns had an impact on how the PCPs utilised MAW services.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Svendsen, Edel Jannecke; Heitmann, Grethe Berger; Dhayyat, Adam; Morris, Ann & Sjøborg, Katrine Dønvold [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess Healthcare personnel competence in cardiac arrest and resuscitation in pregnancy. PLOS ONE. 15(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232984. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Cardiac arrest is rare in pregnancy, and up-to date competence can be difficult to assess and maintain. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess healthcare personnel experiences, self-assessed competence and perception of role and resposibility related to cardiac arrest and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in pregnancy Methods The study had a cross-sectional design, developing and validating a questionnaire: the Competence in cardiac arrest and CPR in pregnancy (ComCA-P). Development and validation of the ComCA-P was conducted in three stages: 1) Literature review and expert group panel inputs, 2) a pilot study and 3) a cross-sectional questionnaire study. In stage one, the ComCA-P was developed over several iterations between the researchers, including inputs from an expert group panel consisting of highly competent professionals (n = 11). In stage two, the questionnaire was piloted in a group of healthcare personnel with relevant competence (n = 16). The ComCA-P was then used in a baseline study including healthcare personnel potentially involved in CPR in pregnancy (n = 527) in six hospital wards. Based on these data, internal consistency, intra-class correlations, and confirmatory factor analysis were utilized to validate the questionnaire. Results The expert group and pilot study participants evaluated the appropriateness, relevance and accuracy to be high. Formulation of the items was considered appropriate, with no difficulties identified related to content- or face validity. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.8 on the thematic area self-assessment, and 0.73 on the theoretical knowledge area of the ComCA-P. On both the self-assessed competence items and the teoretical knowledge items, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin was 0.8. Moreover, the Bertletts’ test of sphericity was greater than the critical value for chi-square, and significant (p < .0001). Conclusions Findings indicate that the ComCA-P is a valid questionnaire that can be used to assess healthcare personnel competence in cardiac arrest and resuscitation in pregnancy.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Svensen, Katrine (2020). Pasienterfaringer etter dagkirurgi – oversettelse og validering av spørreskjemaet Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15nor). Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. 15(82819). doi: 10.4220/Sykepleienf.2020.82819. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Samfunnsutviklingen medfører større etterspørsel etter helsetjenester, noe som øker presset på sykehusene. Som en respons på dette gjennomføres en økende andel kirurgiske inngrep dagkirurgisk. Pasienterfaringer sidestilles med andre kvalitetsparametre for helsetjenestekvalitet, som for eksempel infeksjonsforekomst eller liggetid. Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten har utarbeidet et spørreskjema med 24 spørsmål som fokuserer på pasienterfaringer etter dagkirurgi. Dette skjemaet kartlegger pasientens erfaringer, men i mindre grad pasientrapporterte postoperative symptomer. Spørreskjemaet Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) er et internasjonalt anerkjent spørreskjema som kan benyttes som verktøy for å kartlegge pasienters symptomer etter et dagkirurgisk inngrep. Skjemaet er ikke oversatt til og validert på norsk. Hensikt: Formålet med denne artikkelen er å beskrive oversettelsen og valideringen av den norske versjonen av QoR-15 (QoR-15nor). Metode: Vi utførte valideringen i sammenheng med gjennomføringen av en større studie om pasienterfaringer etter dagkirurgi. Pilotering ble gjennomført på ti pasienter samt i en ekspertgruppe med åtte anestesisykepleiere. Vi baserte valideringen på svar fra 197 pasienter som var inkludert i hovedstudien. Resultater: Piloteringen viste at skjemaet var adekvat og relevant med tanke på å kartlegge symptomer, og forståelig med hensyn til språk, instruksjoner og skåring. Intern konsistens, målt med Cronbachs alfa, var god: 0,89. Spearmans korrelasjonsanalyse viste signifikante assosiasjoner (p < 0,01) mellom spørsmålene, varierende fra 0,27 til 0,88. Test–retest-reliabiliteten var moderat (Cohens kappa 0,41). Konklusjon: QoR-15nor er et valid spørreskjema som kan benyttes til å kartlegge postoperative symptomer hos pasienter etter dagkirurgi.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Nystrøm, Vivian; Grimsrud, Inger-Johanne Sælid; Hauge, Linn Maria & Olsen, Brita Fosser (2020). Competence in caring for patients with respiratory insufficiency-A cross-sectional study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. ISSN 0964-3397. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102952. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin; Gulbrandsen, Tove Anita; Wasenius, Catrin & Fossen, Linn Therese (2020). Nursing perspectives and strategies in patients with respiratory insufficiency. Nursing in Critical Care. ISSN 1362-1017. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12555. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Approximately 30% of patients admitted to an intensive care unit experience respiratory distress. The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to an enormous increase in patients with respiratory symptoms. Nurse competence is essential for ensuring quality treatment and care for these patients; however, research on nursing strategies for patients with respiratory insufficiency is limited. Aim This study explored nurses' perspectives on and nursing strategies in patients with respiratory insufficiency when admitted to three different intensive care units. Design The study had an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative design. Methods Four focus group interviews with a total of 20 nurses, critical care nurses, and critical care nursing students were conducted. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results Participants' perspectives fell into two main themes: “nurse competence” and “the art of balancing.” “Nurse competence” incorporated the sub‐themes “observations and assessments,” “to make decisions,” and “collaboration.” The theme ‘the art of balancing’ incorporated the sub‐themes “nursing interventions,” “patients feeling safe,” and “patient participation.” Conclusion This study contributes new knowledge about nurses' perspectives on patients with respiratory insufficiency. Nurse competence was assumed essential to observe, assess, and treat patients with respiratory insufficiency. Nursing strategies included balancing nursing interventions, conducting medical treatment, and taking a whole‐person approach to patients' needs. Relevance to clinical practice The COVID‐19 pandemic has shown the need for nurse competence in caring for patients with respiratory insufficiency. This study adds to existing literature emphasizing the need for competence in health care services. Caring for patients with respiratory insufficiency requires nurses with experience; competence in observation, assessment, and medical treatment; and a whole‐person approach to patients' needs.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Blågestad, Ina Kristin; Brynhildsen, Siri Ellen Adelaide; Olsen, Richard M.; Gunheim-Hatland, Lars & Gregersen, Anne-Grethe [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). Nurses' perspectives on technical skill requirements in primary and tertiary healthcare services. Nursing Open. 7(5), p. 1424–1430. doi: 10.1002/nop2.513. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Lunde, Ellen Marie; Smith, Stine Thorvaldsen & Olsen, Gitte Lise (2020). Patient experiences with peripherally inserted venous catheters— A cross-sectional, multicentre study in Norway. Nursing Open. 7(3), p. 760–767. doi: 10.1002/nop2.448. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Hardeland, Camilla; Helgesen, Ann Karin & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2020). Patient experiences with technology enabled care across healthcare settings- a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research. 20. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05633-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background - Healthcare services are facing extensive challenges due to the increased proportion of elderly persons and persons with chronic disease. Technology enabled care (TEC) is a collective term for telecare, telehealth, telemedicine, mobile (m)-, digital- and electronic (e) health services. TEC is increasingly seen as a solution to many of the challenges facing the health sector. Patient perspectives may provide a useful evaluation tool for new healthcare technologies that have limited clinical data to support their effectiveness. More studies need to be done to better understand the acceptance of technology in healthcare. This review aim to summarize empirical studies exploring patient experiences with TEC. Findings in this study can be used to better understand what is needed to develop, implement and improve such services. Methods - Systematic searches were conducted in the Pubmed, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Embase, Cochrane systematic reviews and Cochrane clinical trials databases. These studies were systematically reviewed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, subjected to quality appraisals using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), and synthesized via integrative analysis. Results - After removal of duplicates, languages other than English, and non-scientific records, 4087 titles and abstracts were screened. After assessment against inclusion and exclusion criteria, 69 records were screened in full-text, and underwent quality appraisal. 21 records were included in the integrative analysis. Patients’ experiences with TEC related to 1) technological features, namely functionality and appearance, and 2) evolving independence, namely empowerment, autonomy and security. Technological challenges lead to frustrations and negative experiences, while a stigmatizing appearance lead to patients not using the solution. Through the use of TECs, patients felt more empowered, learning about their condition, increasing awareness to their symptoms and treatment, and feeling more safe and self-efficient. Patient participation was seen as a central aspect of the development of the TECT, as well as when using it. Conclusion - This review deepens the understanding of patients’ experiences with technology enabled care solutions. Patients’ experiences not only relate to the practical/technical element of the device or solution, but to how this impact on their everyday life. Patient participation in development and planned use of such solutions should be considered an integral part in healthcare quality initiatives.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Derfor skriver jeg fagartikler. I spesialutgaven Sykepleien Fag og Forskning 2019- Akutt, kritisk og kronisk sykdom. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. p. 24–24. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bjerkenes, Annette & Rutherford, Inga (2019). Nurse competence in the interface between primary and tertiary healthcare services. Nursing Open. 6(2), p. 482–492. doi: 10.1002/nop2.230. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims (a) To explore nurses’ self‐assessed competence and perceived need for more training in primary and tertiary healthcare services; and (b) to investigate the factors associated with these issues. Design Quantitative, cross‐sectional, descriptive. Methods The ProffNurseSAS, the Job Satisfaction Scale and socio‐demographics were used. A convenient sampling method was used to invite registered nurses from 23 primary (N = 104) and tertiary care wards (N = 26). Results Five significant differences in self‐assessed competence were identified, with none regarding the perceived need for more training between nurses working in primary versus tertiary health care. Nurses in primary health care had longer experience, and a larger proportion had continuing education. Nevertheless, this was not associated with either self‐assessed competence or the perceived need for more training. Years of experience, training or reported job satisfaction was not associated with the items on the ProffNurseSAS. Conclusion Findings indicate that nurses’ competence is same in primary and tertiary healthcare settings. Moreover, the findings of this research highlight areas that need further improvement and emphasis from both leaders and educational institutions when they attempt to ensure nurses’ competence.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Ramsdal, Helge Normann; Olasveengen, Theresa M.; Steen-Hansen, Jon Erik; Westmark, Fredrik & Hansen, Andreas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Exploring individual and work organizational peculiarities of working in emergency medical communication centers in Norway- a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research. 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4370-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Emergency Medical call-takers working in Emergency Medical Communication Centers (EMCCs) are addressing complex and potentially life threatening problems. The call-takers have to make fast decisions, responding to problems described in phone calls. Recent studies focus mainly on individual aspects of call-takers’ work. The objectives of this study were to explore 1) What characterizes individual work performance of call takers in EMCCs? and 2) What characterizes work organizational factors call takers see as most relevant to the performance of their work? The research is based upon in-depth interviews with call takers at three EMCCs in Norway (n = 19). Interviews were performed during the period May 2013 to September 2014. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Two main themes that related to individual work performance and to work organizational factors in EMCCs were identified, namely: 1) “Core technologies” and 2) “Environmental issues” . The theme “Core technologies” included the subthemes a) multiple tasks, b) critical incidents, and c) unpredictability. The theme “Environmental issues” included the subthemes a) lack of support, b) lack of resources, c) exposure to complaints, and d) an invisible service. At the individual level, multiple tasks, how to cope with critical incidents, and the unpredictability of daily work when calls are received, make the work of call takers both stressful and challenging. The individual call taker’s ability to interprete the situation by intuition and experience when calls are received, is the main factor behind the peculiarities working in the centers at the individual level. At the organizational level, the lack of resources and managerial support seems to provoke concerns about the quality of services rendered by the centers. These aspects should be taken into account in the managing of these services, making them a more integrated part of the health service system.

• Busso, Lilliana Andrea Del & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Qualitative research as reflexive process: a word limitation challenge in qualitative medical research publications? Nordisk sygeplejeforskning. ISSN 1892-2678. 9(3), p. 182–187. doi: 10.18261/issn.1892-2686-2019-03-03. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Moen, Ellen Klavestad; Karlsøen, Gro & Hovland, Trine (2019). A quantitative study on personnel’s experiences with patient handovers between the operating room and the postoperative anesthesia care unit before and after the implementation of a structured communication tool. Nursing Reports. ISSN 2039-439X. 9(1). doi: 10.4081/nursrep.2019.8041. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Anestesisykepleie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202842277. 442 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Denne fjerde utgaven av Anestesisykepleie er oppdatert og videreutviklet for å reflektere ny forskning, kunnskap og klinisk praksis. Boken integrerer et kunnskapsbasert perspektiv og legger stor vekt på anestesisykepleierens rolle i et stadig mer komplekst helsevesen. Den gir en grundig innføring i blant annet * de spesifikke kunnskapene, ferdighetene og kliniske vurderingene som anestesisykepleieren må beherske * anestesisykepleierens funksjon og ansvar i pre-, per- og postoperativ kontekst, samt utenfor sykehus * spesifikke forhold og tilnærminger ved anestesi til ulike pasientgrupper I denne utgaven er det lagt til nye kapitler om en rekke spesifikke inngrep, som gir praktisk innsikt i ulike anestesiprosedyrer. I tillegg er det inkludert et nytt kapittel om arbeid på operasjonsstuen, som omhandler operasjonsmiljøets særegenheter, smitteforebygging og tverrfaglig samarbeid for å sikre pasientsikkerhet. Boken er først og fremst skrevet for studenter i anestesisykepleieutdanningen, men den er også en verdifull ressurs for erfarne anestesisykepleiere som ønsker faglig oppdatering. Målet er å styrke anestesisykepleierens kliniske kompetanse og bidra til faglig forsvarlig helsehjelp og optimal pasientsikkerhet, både på operasjonsstuen og i andre kontekster hvor det utøves anestesisykepleie.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Anestesisykepleie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202605100. 421 p. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Schjerverud, Jarl Andre; Ekran, Martin & Larsen, Mona (2026). Ny teknologi gir ikke bedre helsetjenester om vi fortsetter som før. https://sykepleien.no/fag. doi: https:/sykepleien.no/meninger/2026/10/ny-teknologi-gir-ikke-bedre-helsetjenester-hvis-vi-fortsetter-som. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Sykepleiere må skrive politikken sammen. Sykepleien. ISSN 0802-9768. doi: https:/sykepleien.no/meninger/2026/09/sykepleiere-ma-skrive-politikken-sammen. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Debatt, Høgskolen i Østfold | Forskning og utdanning for fremtidens Østfold. Fredrikstad Blad. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Østfold har en befolkning med en raskt voksende andel eldre, en høyere andel utenfor arbeidslivet, lavere gjennomsnittlig utdanningsnivå og større levekårutfordringer enn landsgjennomsnittet. Høgskolen i Østfolds samfunnsoppdrag er å styrke langsiktig samfunnsutvikling, demokratisk deltakelse, sosial mobilitet og innenforskap gjennom utdanning, forskning og profesjonsutøvelse. Bruk oss!

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Sykepleierutdanningen skal kvalifisere- ikke bare tilfredsstille. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: https:/sykepleien.no/meninger/2026/09/sykepleierutdanningen-skal-kvalifisere-ikke-bare-tilfredsstille. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Røe, Yngve; Haugan, Gørill; Gulsrud, Thor Ole; Ingstad, Kari & Lie, Silje Stangeland [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2026). Fra usikkerhet til felles akademisk praksis for kunstig intelligens. Khrono. doi: https:/www.khrono.no/fra-usikkerhet-til-felles-akademisk-praksis-for-kunstig-intelligens/1082302. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hvordan skal ansatte og studenter klare å orientere seg i alt som er oppe til debatt rundt bruken av KI? Vi har åtte råd.

• Heyn, Lena; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bergli, Maria; Wang-Hansen, Marte Sofie & Klein, Joern (2026). Vi trenger flere fagfolk som forstår både kommune og sykehus. Dagens medisin. ISSN 1501-4290. doi: https:/www.dagensmedisin.no/kommunehelsetjeneste-kompetanse-oppgavedeling/vi-trenger-flere-fagfolk-som-forstar-bade-kommune-og-sykehus/768783. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Rett kompetanse på rett plass handler ikke først og fremst om å flytte oppgaver mellom profesjoner. Det handler om å bygge et helhetlig system der kunnskap, teknologi og fagfolk samvirker på tvers.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Vi bør bruke REThOS som indikator for hvem som skal gjøre hva i helsetjenesten. Sykepleien. ISSN 0802-9768. doi: https:/sykepleien.no/meninger/2026/08/sykepleiere-bruker-fortsatt-tid-pa-oppgaver-andre-kan-utfore. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Personsentrert omsorg ved livets slutt- sett gjennom øynene til min kjære farmor på 107 år. https://sykepleien.no/fag. doi: https:/sykepleien.no/meninger/2026/07/personsentrert-omsorg-ved-livets-slutt-sett-med-oynene-til-min-kjaere-farmor-pa.
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Jacobsen, Olaf (2026). Pasienter som skal opereres i øre, nese, hals eller øye. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Ørum, Elin Englund; Trope, Ameli; Stensrud, Mona; Breivik, Kristine & Nødtveidt, Ragnhild Marie (2026). Kvinner i fengsel møter barrierer mot livmorhalsundersøkelser. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. p. 107256–107256. doi: 10.4220/sykepleiens.2025.107256. Full text in Research Archive
• Hougaard, Peter Forde; Torbjørnsen, Astrid; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Wolf, Axel & Finderup, Jeanette (2026). Shared decision-making on dialysis modality; A Scandinavian cross-country co-design study. Full text in Research Archive
• Torbjørnsen, Astrid; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Wolf, Axel; Hougaard, Peter Forde & Finderup, Jeanette (2026). Co-Designing Dialysis Patient Decision Aids: Exploration, Development, and Testing of a Digital Patient Decision Aid Across Nordic Countries. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Choosing a dialysis modality is a decision influenced by health system issues and healthcare personnel’s and patients’ personal preferences, and it requires structured shared decision-making. Current practice lacks tools that integrate patient priorities with clinical evidence. Objective: To describe results from a multi-step process aimed at improving shared decision-making for dialysis modality choice in adults with chronic kidney disease. This process included (1) a scoping review to map evidence for person-centred interventions and home-based dialysis (Nygaard-Andersen, 2025), (2) a Scandinavian survey of adults with kidney disease and kidney professionals to capture priorities and perceived challenges, and (3) a design thinking approach including hybrid and online workshops with adults with kidney disease, kidney professionals, and patient associations to identify a decision aid of interest Results: The scoping review, which identified 13 interventions, showed that patient involvement in care and treatment, through shared decision-making, listening to narratives, and building partnerships was emphasised, while involvement in planning and documentation was less common (Nygaard-Andersen, 2025). Survey findings revealed differences between adults with kidney disease and kidney professionals regarding the perceived importance of economic and financial factors, technological complexity, and social relationships in dialysis modality choice. Variations were also observed across Scandinavian countries. The design thinking process identified numerous unmet needs and opportunities for innovative solutions in clinical practice, leading to the testing of a specific digital patient decision aid. Conclusion: Differences in priorities between adults with kidney disease and kidney professionals, as well as variations across health services and settings, highlighted the need for collaborative approaches. Bringing stakeholders together in innovative processes has driven efforts to improve the quality of care and foster solutions that support person-centred dialysis care.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Finjarn, Therese Jenssen (2026). Spesialistgodkjenning som kvalitetsstempel- ikke for oppgavefordeling. Dagens medisin. ISSN 1501-4290. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Det handler ikke om å gjøre sykepleiere til «nesten-leger», men om å gi pasienter og samfunn en reell garanti for at den som bærer tittelen spesialist i anestesisykepleie, faktisk har den kompetansen situasjonen krever.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Svarthaug, Lars Aune (2026). Luftveishåndtering og ventilasjon. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Lærebokkapittel

• Skaar, Niko Aleksander Finbak; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Berg, Kristin Sandal; Braaten, Tonje Bjørndal; Strandås, Maria & Hernes, Susanne M S [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2026). Patient Safety Culture: Exploring Sociodemographic and Organisational Variations - A Cross-sectional, Multicentre Study in Operating Theatres of Six Norwegian Hospitals. doi: 10.3389/978-2-8325-8021-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Exploring Patient Safety Culture in operating theatres, a multicentre study in Norway.

• Haugen, Arvid Steinar & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Kapittel 22. Kar-/thorakskirurgiske inngrep. doi: https:/utdanning.cappelendamm.no/_anestesisykepleie-9788202842277. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Kort beskrivelse av ulike kar- og thorakskirurgiske inngrep, med preoperative forberedelser, peroperative hensyn og postoperativ oppfølging.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Haugen, Arvid Steinar (2026). Kapittel 7. Uønskede effekter og komplikasjoner av anestesi, i Anestesisykepleie. doi: https:/utdanning.cappelendamm.no/_anestesisykepleie-9788202842277. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Beskrivelse av de vanligste komplikasjoner og uønskede effekter knyttet til utøvelse av anestesisykepleie

• Haugen, Arvid Steinar; Finstad, Anne Strand & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Kapittel 6. Pasientsikkerhet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Noen sentrale begrep og teorier om pasientsikkerhet

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Haugen, Arvid Steinar (2026). Kapittel 4. Forskning, kvalitetsforbedring og fagutvikling, i Anestesisykepleie. doi: https:/utdanning.cappelendamm.no/_anestesisykepleie-9788202842277. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Beskrivelse av forskning, kvalitetsforbedring og fagutvikling innen fagområdet anestesisykepleie.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Digitalisering og KI utfordrer og styrker helsetjenesten. Sykepleien.no. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Digitalisering effektiviserer helsetjenesten, men skaper også nye utfordringer. Manglende brukervennlighet og standardisering kan svekke pasientsikkerheten.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2026). Amerikanskpreget og kunnskapsløs kompetansepolitikk. Dagens medisin. ISSN 1501-4290. doi: https:/www.dagensmedisin.no/kommunehelsetjeneste-oppgavedeling-sykepleier/amerikanskpreget-og-kunnskapslos-kompetansepolitikk/727581. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Forslaget om å fjerne kompetansekravene bygger på ideen om at kommunene selv best kan vurdere hvilke behov som må dekkes. Denne tilnærmingen er ikke uten risiko.

• Wium, Anne Marthe Fosdahl; Gjellebæk, Camilla & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Forskningssamarbeid høgskolen og sykehuset i Østfold. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergsjø, Leonora Onarheim; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Heggernes, Pinar; Said, Fahad Faisal; Engeness, Irina & Christoffersen, Trine Eker (2025). Kunstig eller intelligent? Høyere utdanning i identitetskrise. doi: https:/www.arendalsuka.no/programsoek/details/28499. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Kvalitetsstempelet spesialist – et politisk løfte. Dagens medisin. ISSN 1501-4290. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Spesialistgodkjenning handler ikke om endring av oppgaver, ansvar eller roller, men er et kvalitetsstempel på det vi allerede har.

• Heitmann, Grethe Berger; Comi, Kristine Mella; Gill, Mandeep Kaur; Guleng, Anja; Hennig, Kjartan & Solli, Benedicte [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). A Survivor of Toxic Shock Syndrome Due to Paeniclostridium Sordellii After Elective Gynaecological Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. doi: 10.1007/s42399-025-02137-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract This case report describes a patient who survived toxic shock syndrome caused by Paeniclostridium sordellii after elective gynaecological surgery. Toxic shock syndrome due to P. sordellii carries a high risk of mortality, and only a few case reports of survivors due to gynaecological and obstetric infections with P. sordellii exist. Case Presentation A 49-year-old woman presented at the emergency department three days after an elective gynaecological surgery with lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and syncope tendencies. She was afebrile, had leucocytosis, and significant haemoconcentration. A gynaecological examination revealed normal postoperative findings except for minor ecchymosis on the vulvae. A computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated significant extravascular fluid accumulation. Within hours, she developed haemodynamic shock. Infection due to P. sordellii was suspected and antibiotics were initiated, and hysterectomy performed before P. sordellii was identified. During the first eight days, several drains were inserted due to fluid accumulation. To compensate for the massive capillary leakage, 107 L of fluid were administered intravenously, guided by Pulse index Contour Continuous Cardiac Output (PiCCO) and repeated transthoracic echocardiography. After the first eight days, the patient was stabilised and she was discharged to a rehabilitation institution after an eight-week hospital stay. Conclusion Toxic shock syndrome caused by P. sordellii should be suspected in a patient with rapidly developing haemodynamic shock with massive capillary leakage in combination with profound leucocytosis. Awareness of this condition is vital, since early recognition, antibiotics, aggressive surgical intervention, and optimised intensive care management are essential to avoid a fatal outcome.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Fra fragment til fellesskap: Staten må ta styringen. Dagens medisin. ISSN 1501-4290. doi: https:/www.dagensmedisin.no/helsepolitikk-og-helseokonomi-helsereformutvalget/fra-fragment-til-fellesskap-staten-ma-ta-styringen/718344. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Dagens todeling mellom kommune og spesialisthelsetjeneste skaper brudd i pasientforløp, ansvarsglidning og ineffektiv ressursbruk. Hvorfor tviholde på en struktur som alle vet ikke fungerer?

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Kompetanse koster. Inkompetanse koster mer. Sykepleien. ISSN 0802-9768. doi: https:/sykepleien.no/meninger/2025/11/kompetanse-koster-inkompetanse-koster-mer. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Politikere undervurderer fortsatt hva avansert sykepleiekompetanse faktisk innebærer. Denne undervurderingen skyver helsetjenesten i retning av løsninger som verken møter dagens kompleksitet eller morgendagens behov.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Sykehjemsplasser, Lokal politikk | Sykehjemsplasser i Fredrikstad: konsekvenser av nedleggelse. Fredrikstad Blad. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Min farmor Annie fylte 106 år i mars. Hun som er en av mine viktigste inspirasjonskilder til samfunnsengasjement, fikk sykehjemsplass som 103-åring.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Rørtveit, Camilla; Stabu, Daniel & Nødtveidt, Ragnhild Marie (2025). Sykepleiere trenger økt kompetanse om seksuell helse | Sykepleien. Sykepleien.no. doi: https:/sykepleien.no/fag/2025/10/sykepleiere-trenger-okt-kompetanse-om-seksuell-helse. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mange sykepleiere ønsker å snakke med pasienter om seksualitet, men mangler kunnskap og trygghet. Utdanningen gir dem ikke verktøyene til å mestre slike samtaler.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Forskningen bidrar med mer enn bare samfunnsnytte. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  KRONIKK: Ikke alle forskningsprosjekt fører til de store samfunnsendringene eller nyvinningene. Forskningen kan være nyttig i sin egen rett.

• Nødtveidt, Pernille Linqvist; Andersen, Hannah Bekkevold & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Helsevesenet svikter takotsubo-pasienter. https://sykepleien.no/fag. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Takotsubo – et hjertesyndrom utløst av stress og sorg – rammer tusenvis av mennesker årlig. Likevel møter pasientene ofte uvitenhet i helsevesenet. Det må vi gjøre noe med.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Kunstig intelligens i ambulansetjenesten: Et nytt verktøy i verktøykassa – Fakultet for helse, velferd og organisasjon – Høgskolen i Østfold. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ambulansepersonell ser KI som et nyttig supplement til sin kliniske erfaring – ikke som en erstatning. En ny studie viser at det kan bli et verdifullt verktøy for slagdiagnostikk, men bare hvis tilliten og de praktiske forholdene kommer på plass først.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Higraff, Ingrid (2025). Perifere venekatetre kan påføre pasientene unødige plager | Sykepleien. https://sykepleien.no/fag. 113. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sykepleiere mislykkes ofte med innleggingen av perifere venekatetre. Det utsetter pasientene for gjentatte stikk, smerter og komplikasjoner som kunne vært forebygget.

• Tsesmetsis, Cecilie; Haugen, Arvid Steinar; Harris, Kristin; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Storesund, Anette (2025). Forekomst av komplikasjoner blant pasienter som gjennomgår kirurgiske prosedyrer – et longitudinelt prosjekt. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Mange avbryter masterstudiet når arbeidsgiveren ikke legger til rette. Sykepleien.no. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2025.99927. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Er oppgavegliding rett medisin? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Lær av andres feil når det gjelder sykelønnsordninger. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Bakkerud, Morten (2025). Sykepleiere trenger hjelp til å takle psykiske belastninger. Sykepleien.no. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2025.98109. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Hansen, Torunn; Eide, Petrin Hege & Finjarn, Therese Jenssen (2025). Det er forskjell på bruk av støttepersonell og oppgavegliding. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Jeg er usikker på om pasientens stemme blir hørt i dagens eldreomsorg. Full text in Research Archive
• Rørmark, Kristin; Kaldheim, Hege Kristin Aslaksen; Olsen, Brita Fosser; Rasi, Matias; Wevling, Astrid Birgitte & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Workshop for å stimulere til artikkelskriving. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. doi: 10.23865/inspira.v20.7157. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Gratulerer med dagen, sykepleier. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Et stortingsvalg for forskning og høyere utdanning. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Hogstedt, Åsa; Lundgren, Peter & Hardeland, Camilla (2025). Norge og Sverige bruker ulike beslutningsstøtteverktøy i kommunehelsetjenesten. Sykepleien.no. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2025.98564. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Kritisk feil om høyere utdanning. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Frivillighet kan redde liv ved hjertestans. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Samarbeidsprosjekter mellom klinikk og akademia. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Slik bidrar sykepleiere til beredskapen i Arktis. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Nødtveidt, Ragnhild Marie (2025). Kriminelle, seksualitet og helse-et samfunnsoppdrag. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2025). Flertallet ønsker krav om arbeidserfaring. Full text in Research Archive
• Aronsson, Annette; Heitmann, Grethe Berger; Morris, Ann Irene Catarina; Karlsson, Ove; Svendsen, Øivind & Værnesbranden, Magdalena R. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Aortic compression in the management of PPH. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Kompetanse bidrar til å redusere sykdom, lidelse, død og samfunnskostnader. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Det er en politisk syk holdning til masterutdanning av sykepleiere. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Hardeland, Camilla & Magnusson, Lars Vidar (2024). Kunstig intelligens og beslutningsstøtte i helsetjenesten. dagensmedisin.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Paneldebatt, Kunstig intelligens og roboter i helsevesenet. Full text in Research Archive
• Heitmann, Grethe Berger; Eland, Jonne; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Dankelman, Jenny (2024). External aortic compression in the management of postpartum hemorrhage- a historical review. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Det er forskjell på spesialisering av leger og sykepleiere. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Hvem vil du helst pleies av når du blir syk? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Grasto, Kristina (2024). Helsepersonell må trene mer på hjerte-lungeredning. Sykepleien.no. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2024.97250. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Haugen, Arvid Steinar; Ræder, Johan; Finjarn, Therese Jenssen; Isern, Erik Ramon & Aakre, Elin Kismul [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2024). The 2024 revision of the Norwegian standard for the safe practice of anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. doi: 10.1111/aas.14381. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Regnefeil og kommunikasjonssvikt kan medføre pasientskade og død. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Vi trenger en nasjonal standard for kompetansen hos helsepersonell. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Regjeringens vei til fremtidens helsepersonell er som å rive av et plaster. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Master er kompetanse- ikke en sykdom. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjevjon, Edith Lillian Roth & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Helse- og samhandlingsplanen overser grunnleggende sykepleierkompetanse. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Matri, Helene; Slang, Renate; Hovland, Trine; Myhre, Kristin & Pedersen, Anna Pauline (2024). Sykehus og høyskole samarbeidet for å styrke kompetansen. https://sykepleien.no/fag. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2024.97642. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Streik er det eneste middelet vi har mot bulldosertaktikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Espen; Addo, Seth Ayisi Junior; Hernes, Susanne Miriam Sørensen; Christiansen, Marit Halonen; Haugen, Arvid Steinar & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Psychometric properties and criterion related validity of the Norwegian version of hospital survey on patient safety culture 2.0. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Nystrøm, Vivian; Moger, Tron Anders & Lurås, Hilde (2024). Kommunale akuttavdelinger skulle bli et alternativ til sykehusinnleggelse- men legene stoler ikke på tilbudet. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansen, Lauritz Dydensborg & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Prehospitalt personellet kunnskaper og erfaring med postpartum blødning. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). A sustainable APN workforce for the future. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Missed nursing care and staffing. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Slike innlegg er en av grunnene til at master for sykepleiere undervurderes og nedprioriteres. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Vår felles helsetjeneste kan ikke snu med den politiske vinden. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Faglig forsvarlighet bør operasjonsliseres. Full text in Research Archive
• Skodjereite, Jannicke; Berntsen, Gunnar; Borgstein, Eric S.; Chikumbanje, Singatiya S.; Kapalamula, Tiyamike & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Anaesthesia in a children's hospital in Malawi, Characteristics and adverse events. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Masterstudenter i skvis. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Research on nurse anesthesia education in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Myren, Ine (2024). Er oppgavedeling viktigere enn god pleie? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Samarbeid må til for å løse helsekabalen. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Nystrøm, Vivian (2024). Kommunene er sentrale for å innfri ventetidsløftet. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2024). Lederkompetanse er nøkkelen til kvalitet i helsetjenesten. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansen, Mette Tindvik; Brynhildsen, Siri Ellen Adelaide; Gregersen, Anne-Grethe; Andreassen, Hilde Marie; Martinsen, Mona & Olsen, Richard M. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). En praksismodell for fremtiden PROFF Praksisstudier for helse- og omsorgstjenesten i Østfold. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansen, Mette Tindvik; Gregersen, Anne-Grethe & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). En Praksismodell For Fremtiden (PROFF). Full text in Research Archive
• Loulseged, Bethlehem; Heitmann, Grethe Berger & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). External aortic compression and uterine massage in the management of postpartum hemorrhage-a studium Addis Abeba. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Det finnes ikke enkle løsninger. Full text in Research Archive
• Aasheim, Anders; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Romundstad, Luis Georg (2023). Depth of Anesthesia Monitoring in Norway - a Web-based Survey. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bruun, Anne Marie Gran & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2023). Anestesipersonells perspektiver på automatisk datahøsting (Metavision). Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Flynn, Fiona M.; Bruun, Anne Marie Gran & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2023). Fagutviklingssykepleiere og lederes erfaringer med anestesisykepleiere med mastergrad- en tverrsnittstudie i Norge. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Har innsatte samme helseproblemer som de på utsiden? [Radio]. Røverradioen. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). I spagat mellom praksis og juss? Full text in Research Archive
• Slang, Renate; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Trollnes, Anne Kristin Hole & Nystrøm, Vivian (2023). Digitale verktøy i intensivsykepleie. Full text in Research Archive
• Brannsether, Agnieszka Elzbieta & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Anestesisykepleiere kan videreutvikle kompetansen med simulering. Sykepleien.no. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2023.91268. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Alle kjenner en sykepleier. Disse kjenner jeg. Full text in Research Archive
• Sørenstua, Marie; Zantalis, Nikolaos; Ræder, Johan; Vamnes, Jan Sverre & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Reply to letter to editor regarding 'Variable anterior spread of local anesthetic after erector spinae plane block (ESPB): Time to turn the spotlight on the 'retro-SCTL space'. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. ISSN 1098-7339. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104392. Full text in Research Archive
• Brannsether, Agnieszka Elzbieta & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Spørreskjema for nytteverdi av simulering er oversatt til norsk. Sykepleien.no. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2023.91356. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Alfabetisk oppgavefordeling kan være en løsning for helsetjenesten. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Masseskadehendelser på legevakt. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Brubakk, Kirsten (2023). Kravet ditt vil øke dødeligheten, Kjerkol. Full text in Research Archive
• Johannessen, Mona; Viltun, Katrine & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Fotsår på grunn av diabetes påvirker livet i stor grad. Sykepleien.no. 111. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2023.93022. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Marit Vassbotten; Karlgren, Klas; Karlgren, Klas; Nortvedt, Monica Wammen & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to capture specialist nurses’ experiences of adverse events in clinical practice. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  E- poster _QR code: https://api.ltb.io/show/ABWXJ/qr/6729_ABWXJ

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Finjarn, Therese; Lykke, Paula & Eide, Petrin Hege (2023). Svakt kunnskapsgrunnlag om utdanning av samfunnskritiske spesialsykepleiere. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Hva er sykepleierens identitet i en ny tid? Sykepleien.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Simulering bør være et tillegg til praksis, ikke en erstatning. https://sykepleien.no/fag. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2023.92222. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Vi må ikke gå i profesjonskamp-fella! Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Nilsson, Ulrica G* & Wolf, Axel (2023). Flere må velge å jobbe i akademia. Full text in Research Archive
• Nystrøm, Vivian; Lurås, Hilde; Moger, Tron Anders & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Finding good alternatives to hospitalisation.A data register study in five municipal acute wards in Norway​. Full text in Research Archive
• Nystrøm, Vivian; Lurås, Hilde; Midlov, Patrik & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Tenk om det skjer noe i natt? Kommunale legers erfaringer med å henvise pasienter til kommunale akutte døgnenheter. Full text in Research Archive
• Nystrøm, Vivian; Lurås, Hilde; Moger, Tron Anders & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Patient experiences and clinical outcomes of admissions to municipal acute wards versus a hospital.A multicenter randomised controlled trial in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Klinisk sykepleiererfaring før masterløp kan være en fordel. Sykepleien.no. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2023.93607. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Helseforetak og faggrupper er samstemt om masterordningen. Full text in Research Archive
• Harring, Astrid Karina V.; Blinkenberg, Jesper; Brattebø, Guttorm; Hjortdahl, Magnus; Idland, Siri & Iversen, Emil [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). The MeSH heading "Call Center" is due for an update: Why we recommend the more precise heading "Emergency Medical Communication Center". Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. 31. doi: 10.1186/s13049-023-01155-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Using the term “Emergency Medical Communication Center(s)” provides clarity and precision regarding the primary function and purpose of the center. There is a slight variation in the literature, as both the term “center” and “centre” is used regarding EMCC, depending on whether the author uses US or UK English. As the plural form for both are “centers”, and MeSH is published by the National Library of Medicine, center(s) would be the preferred option. By having an updated and specific MeSH, it becomes easier to distinguish EMCCs from other types of call centers, as it provides coherence for researchers and facilitates the availability of relevant knowledge in literature searches.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Kan digitalisering løse utfordringene i helsetjenesten? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Nødtveidt, Ragnhild Marie & Wold, Knut Erik (2023). Soning påvirker innsattes seksuelle helse. Sykepleien.no. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2023.93887. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Forskning for en bærekraftig helse­tjeneste. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansen, Mette Tindvik; Gregersen, Anne-Grethe & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Collabrating for nusing students practicum (PROFF). Full text in Research Archive
• Onsøien, Ole Gunnar & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2023). Stiller spørsmål om kvinnesynet til Helsepersonellkommisjonen. [Journal]. Dagens Medisin. Full text in Research Archive
• Jan-Eilert, Pedersen; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Førsund, Linn Hege; Eide, Hilde; Myhre-Nilsen, Kine & Kirkevold, Marit [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Sykepleie-spesialisters rettigheter og ansvar må utredes. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  – En utredning bør ha spesielt søkelys på om sykepleiere med spesialistgodkjenning skal kunne forskrive legemidler. En slik rettighet vil gi pasienter i distriktene bedre tjenester, mener innleggsforfatterne i sitt innspill til helsepersonellkommisjonen.

• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bakkerud, Morten; Wibe, Hanna F & Heftye, Sverre (2022). Pasienter med håndleddsbrudd mangler kunnskapsbasert informasjon. Sykepleien.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Uavbrutte masterløp hører ikke hjemme i spesialisthelsetjenesten. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Bør vi inkludere rengjøringsråd for mobiltelefoner i offentlige anbefalinger? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Oppgavefordeling i helsetjenesten. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Bra valg, sykepleierstudent! Full text in Research Archive
• Pedersen, Jan-Eilert; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Førsund, Linn Hege; Eide, Hilde; Nilsen, Kirsten Myhre & Fagerström, Lisbeth [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Sykepleiespesialisters rettigheter og ansvar må utredes. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Kritisk konsekvens for anestesisykepleierutdanningen. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Hvem eier de praktiske prosedyrene? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bruun, Anne Marie Gran & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2022). Metavision kan påvirke måten anestesipersonell jobber på. https://sykepleien.no/fag. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). En toppstilling i akademia? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Vi kan ikke degradere sykepleierutdanningen. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Hansen, Mette Tindvik (2022). Praksismodell for fremtiden. Full text in Research Archive
• Bruun, Anne Marie Gran; Svensen, Katrine; Johansen, Elin; Gustavsson, Anette; Halstensen, Thor-David & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Pasienterfaringer etter dagkirurgi. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Hovland, Trine; Karlsøen, Gro & Klavestad, Ellen (2022). ISBAR- pasientoverføring mellom operasjon og intensivavdeling. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bruun, Anne Marie Gran & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2022). Anesthesia Personnels’ perspcetives on Digital AIMS. Full text in Research Archive
• Aasheim, Anders; Romundstad, L.; Løvdal, Karina; Knudssøn, Katrine & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Depth of anaesthesia monitoring in Norway: A web-based study. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bruun, Anne-Marie Gran & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2022). Anesthesia personnels’ experiences on digital Anesthesia Information Management Systems. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Marit Vassbotten; Nortvedt, Monica Wammen; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Karlgren, Klas (2022). Learning from adverse events in clinical practice. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Vi kan ikke kompromisse på kvalitet. Full text in Research Archive
• Berntzen, Helene; Dåvøy, Grethe; Eide, Petrin Hege & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Perioperativ sykepleie. In Stubberud, Dag-Gunnar & Grønseth, Randi (Ed.), Klinisk sykepleie 1. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag A/S. ISSN 9788205555648. p. 359–435. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Marit Vassbotten; Nortvedt, Monica Wammen; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Karlgren, Klas (2022). LEARNING FROM ADVERSE EVENTS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Misfornøyde sykepleierstudenter krever tiltak-men fra hvem? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Wevling, Astrid Birgitte & Olsen, Brita Fosser (2022). Hvordan vurderer sykepleiere egen kompetanse etter videreutdanning? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2022.89442. Full text in Research Archive
• Haddeland, Kristine; Nes, Andrea Aparecida Gonçalves; Nordhagen, Siv Karin Sønsteby; Amsrud, Kirsten Eika; Kydland, Anne Grethe R & Holm, Linda Nygaard [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Møt praksisutfordringer i sykepleierutdanning med felles digital innsats! Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Marit Vassbotten; Nortvedt, Monica Wammen; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Karlgren, Klas (2022). Erfaring med Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) applikasjon som datasamlingsmetode. Full text in Research Archive
• Bredvold, Torjus Lunder; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Kjerkol, Ingvild (2022). Heisprat med Kjerkol. [Internet]. https://www.facebook.com/helseogomsorgsdepartementet/videos/. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Takk for at du valgte å bli sykepleier. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Gregersen, Anne-Grethe; Brynhildsen, Siri Ellen Adelaide & Hansen, Mette Tindvik (2022). Ny praksismodell skal gi sykepleiere bedre sluttkompetanse. Sykepleien.no. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2022.89978. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Den standhaftige sykepleier. [Journal]. Demokraten. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Spesialsykepleierutdanninger strider mot sentrale føringer og regelverk. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Werner, Anne; Lurås, Hilde & Johannessen, Anne-Kari M. (2022). Bedre kommunikasjon kan styrke pasientforløpet for eldre. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Bruun, Anne Marie Gran & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2022). Anesthesia personnels’ experiences with digital anesthesia information management systems. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Shateri, Adnan (2022). VR-briller kan avlede barn før anestesi. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Finjarn, Therese Jenssen; Lykke, Paula & Eide, Petrin Hege (2022). Hvorfor begrenses høyere utdanning for sykepleiere? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Vi må satse på kvalitet, ikke antall hoder. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Heia alle nysgjerrige kvinner. Fredrikstad Blad. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Mann kan, og bør, bli sykepleier. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2022). Tør du la deg operere? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Saltnes, Cathrine; Aanes, Mari-Anne; Ramstad, Jan Petter; Skalleberg, Hans Alexander & Stenseth, Rita [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Praksiskravet for opptak til anestesisykepleierutdanning må beholdes. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Helgesen, Ann Karin; Stensvold, Andreas; Magnussen, Jannik & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2022). Er fjernoppfølging godt nok for kreftpasienter? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Ta grep- Jobb kunnskapsbasert! Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Forwald, Andreas; Ramstad, Jan Petter; Saltnes, Cathrine; Skalleberg, Hans Alexander & Stenseth, Rita [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Slik er anestesisykepleie under covid-19 pandemien. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2021.87887. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Berge-Hansen, Helene & Kaurin, Caroline Sydskogen (2021). Sykepleiere på akuttmottaket er usikre på smertebehandling av LAR-pasienter. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Finjarn, Therese Jenssen (2021). Anestesisykepleieren er alltid til stede. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Den internasjonale sykepleierdagen 12.mai- idag hyller vi sykepleierne. Fredrikstad Blad. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). En trist og ensidig tilnærming til sykepleierutdanningen. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Det tar to år å utdanne en spesialsykepleier. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Hardeland, Camilla; Helgesen, Ann Karin & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2021). Hva synes pasientene om helseteknologien? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2021.83172. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Ødegården, Terje & Haugen, Arvid Steinar (2021). Forskning og fagutvikling. In Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (Eds.), Anestesisykepleie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202605100. p. 55–65. Full text in Research Archive
• Haugen, Arvid Steinar & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Pasientsikkerhet og anestesirelaterte komplikasjoner. In Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (Eds.), Anestesisykepleie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202605100. p. 65–87. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Pasienter med hjerte-karsykdom. In Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (Eds.), Anestesisykepleie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202605100. p. 305–313. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Anestesi til gamle pasienter. In Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (Eds.), Anestesisykepleie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202605100. p. 297–304. Full text in Research Archive
• Bekkhus, Egil; Halstensen, Thor-David & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Væskebehandling og syre-base-balanse, del av kapittelet som omhandler venøse tilganger. In Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (Eds.), Anestesisykepleie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202605100. p. 114–116. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Svarthaug, Lars Aune (2021). Luftveier og luftveishåndtering. In Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (Eds.), Anestesisykepleie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202605100. p. 188–208. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Forsmo, Anders (2021). Ventilasjon. In Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (Eds.), Anestesisykepleie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202605100. p. 209–218. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Koronatiltak- er det tilfeldighetene som rår? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Er det hersketeknikk og jantelov? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Stopp diskriminering av fremtidens spesialsykepleiere. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Lavik, Linda; Svensen, Tiril Bringsrud & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Forskiftsfestet kvinnediskriminering. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Snøfall som en allegori for sykepleiemangelen. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Blir sykepleiere i høyere utdanning diskriminert? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Spesialsykepleiere skal ha sluttkompetanse på masternivå. Full text in Research Archive
• Lavik, Linda; Svensen, Tiril Bringsrud & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Forskriftsfestet kvinnediskriminering. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Berntzen, Helene (2021). Sykepleie til pasienter med forstyrrelser i kroppstemperaturen. In Kristoffersen, Nina Jahren; Skaug, Eli-Anne; Steindal, Simen Alexander & Grimsbø, Gro Hjelmeland (Ed.), Grunnleggende sykepleie 2: Grunnleggende behov og helse. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205531086. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2021). Kompetanse koster. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Saltnes, Cathrine; Aanes, Mari-Anne; Ramstad, Jan Petter; Forwald, Andreas & Stenseth, Rita [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). PVK-innleggelse: Anestesisykepleiere hjelper gjerne, men trenger ressurser. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2021.87195. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Spesialsykepleie: dersom krav om klinisk erfaring skal fjernes, må det først ut på høring. Full text in Research Archive
• Høyum-Johansen, Gro Merete & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2021). Intensivsykepleiere må kjenne til protokoller for respiratoravvenning. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2021.83926. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Jørstad, Camilla (2020). Man beholder ikke viktige spesialsykepleiere ved å saksøke dem. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Martinsen, Mona; Katrin, Larsen Reinnel Ann; Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). "Østfoldmodellen" kan forbedre kvaliteten på praksisstudier. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2020.79917. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Jørstad, Camilla (2020). Saksøke egne sykepleiere istedenfor å jobbe for å beholde dem? SeniorNorge.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Nystrøm, Vivian (2020). Hvordan kan vi organisere akutte helsetjenester på en god måte? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2020.82265. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). The tunnel ahead. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Når "tid og pengemangel" blir helsetjenestekvalitetens verste fiende. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Burde ikke sykehusene rekruttere fremfor å saksøke? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Det er unntakstilstand og vi har underskudd på sykepleiere. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Sykepleiere er også privatpersoner. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Bygg nytt Onsøyheimen nå. Fredrikstad Blad. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Mangel på utstyr må ikke føre til endrede smittevernsprosedyrer. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2020.81388. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Sykepleiere er også privatpersoner. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Hvordan kan vi stoppe sykepleierflukten? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Hansen, Mette Tindvik (2020). Smittevern: så enkelt, men likevel så vanskelig. 06/20. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Smittevernstiltak må følges både nå og etter pandemien. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Om lønn til sykepleiere. Moss Avis. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Helgesen, Ann Karin & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2020). Nytt masterstudium styrker sykepleieren og pasienten. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Sykepleierne lar seg ikke lure denne gangen. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Bratli, Lene; Nystrøm, Vivian & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Hvordan kan sykepleiere kartlegge barns smerte? Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. p. 50–56. doi: 10.4220/SYKEPLEIENS.2020.80444. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Om lønn til sykepleiere igjen... Demokraten. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Er det han far de skriver om? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). La fagfolk få definere funksjonsområdene! Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Bønn til Valgerd: hjelp oss å gjenreise Onsøyheimen. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Alle mann til livbåtene, eller? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). For meg er ingen utdanning bedre enn en annen- de er bare forskjellige. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Jeg er en smittevernspyse til fare for andre. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Heia førstelinjeledere. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & NSF, Landsstyret Anestesisykepleierne (2020). COVID-19- en forvirringstilstand. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Pasienterfaringer med intravenøse langtidskatetre. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. 4. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). ASA-klassifisering og kroppsmasseindeks. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. 4. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Bare ordet nødturnus får meg til å se RØDT! Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Hjemmesykehus krever spisset kompetanse. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Vi trenger en kunnskapsbasert pandemitilnærming. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Vi må avverge forskningsvegring. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Johansen, Hanne-Sophie & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Slik kan barn få optimal postoperativ smertelindring. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Men for svarte...(om lønn til sykepleiere). Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Sykepleie versus medisin. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Er det nødvendig med erfaring før opptak til masterstudier? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). I etterpåklokskapens lys. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Hva betyr det å være spesialist? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Dette er en maurs kamp mot vindmøller. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Varseltrekant rundt sykepleierne. SeniorNorge.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Baastad, Sophie; Nystrøm, Vivian & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Bruk av dagbok hos intensivpasienter. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. p. 26–29. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Johansen, Edda Aslaug (2020). Er det mulig å være både en god kliniker og en god akademiker? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Masterutdanning representerer systematisk kompetansebygging. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Helgesen, Ann Karin & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2020). Ber sykepleiere søke nytt masterstudium. Ny hverdag med krav til økt spesialisering. Fredrikstad Blad. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Helgesen, Ann Karin & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2020). Kompetanseheving for pasientens del- og for egen del. Halden Arbeiderblad. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Vi veileder for pasientens skyld. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Helsepersonell vil gjerne hjelpe, men de må prioritere tiden sin. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Presset er uforsvarlig. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Klapp er visst det eneste sykepleierne får. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Sykehusene har også utdanningsansvar. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Finjarn, Therese Jenssen & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Vi trenger sykepleiere som er spesialister. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Nasjonale kriterier for bachelor og masteroppgaver. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Digitaliseringens utfordringer. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Oppgavegliding kan gi bedre helsetjenester. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2020.80852. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Sykehuset Østfold, ta vare på sykepleierne istedenfor å saksøke dem. Fredrikstad Blad. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Spar på skytsen til det virkelig gjelder! Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Hva med å være i forkant neste gang? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2020). Hvordan kan sykepleiere og vernepleiere dele pleieoppgaver? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2020.82613. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Hvordan velge rett NSF leder? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Moen, Ellen Klavestad; Hovland, Trine & Karlsøen, Gro (2019). Pasientoverføring mellom operasjonsavdeling og postoperativ/intensiv. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Skal valgkamp eller langsiktig planlegging styre eldreomsorgen? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Det er tid for å mobilisere for flere sykepleiere! Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Rutherford, Inga & Bjerkenes, Annette (2019). KOMPIS- kompetanse i skjæringspunktet mellom primær- og spesialisthelsetjenesten. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Vitenskapsteori, vitenskapsfilosofi og metode- en innføring. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Publisering av forskningsartikler i InspirA. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Brynhildsen, Siri Ellen Adelaide; Gregersen, Anne-Grethe; Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen; Hansen, Mette Tindvik & Hjelmeland, Inger [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2019). Sykepleier- og vernepleierstudenters sluttkomeptanse etter endt bachelorutdanning. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Presentasjoner og delegatinnlegg. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Bygg en grunnmur for fremtidens helsetjeneste. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Landsmøtet er et bevis på at sykepleiere er tydelige, modige og stolte. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Allmennsykepleiere passer ikke på sykehus. Intervju med Marit Fonn. [Journal]. Sykepleien. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Markedsføring av sykepleie i en tid med ansvarsoversvømmelse. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Lettfattelig og god innføring i prosjektarbeid. Bokanmeldelse av boken "Prosjektutvikling i helsetjenesten. Lang-kort er bedre enn kort-lang" av May Aasebø Hauken. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Berg, Fredrik; Kimerud, Marita Våge & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Sykepleiere på akuttmottak ønsker mer kunnskap om brannskader. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2019.79337. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Brostigen, Angelica (2019). Ansvarsforholdet er uklart når pasienter skrives ut. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2019.78067. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Vært stolt-modig-tydelig! Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Politisk vedtatt fagkompetanse. Full text in Research Archive
• Svendsen, Edel Jannecke; Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Heitmann, Grethe; Dhayyat, Adam; Morris, Ann & Sjøborg, Kathrine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Health care providers self-assessed competence about cardiac arrest in pregnancy. Resuscitation. ISSN 0300-9572. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.06.163. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Randen, Elisabeth (2019). Sepsis kan oppdages med disse verktøyene. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Halvorsen, Hedda Teig; Hammer, Sandra Karoliussen; Nystrøm, Vivian & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Delirium hos intuberte intensivpasienter- intensivsykepleieres erfaringer. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. 4, p. 17–25. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Når NTNUs rektor foreslår delte stillinger er jeg reddmamge henger seg på i ren iver. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Skal 100-åringer sendes hjem mot sin vilje? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Fjerdingby, Tine; Nystrøm, Vivian & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Mobilisering av intensivpasienter. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. 4, p. 12–16. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Tidkrevende prosess å etablere en spesialistgodkjenning. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Larsen, Gunhild Bekkevold (2019). Sykepleiere kan gjøre maskebehandling bedre med enkle tiltak. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). NOKUT når skal dere våkne? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Olsen, Gitte Lise; Smith, Stine Thorvaldsen & Lunde, Ellen Marie (2019). Pasienterfaringer med PICC-lines og Midlines. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekman, Stina; Fladeby, Nina; Johansen, Ingunn; Hardeland, Camilla & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Hvordan kan sykepleierstudenter få det bedre i praksis? Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2019.74902. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). "Jeg har trekvart master...". Full text in Research Archive
• Fonn, Marit & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Allmennsykepleiere passer ikke på sykehus. [Journal]. Sykepleien. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Kartlegging av kompetanse er nødvendig for å sikre gode helsetjenester. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2019.78067. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Restad, Gea (2019). Hyppige luftveisinfeksjoner kan være tegn på alvorlig sykdom. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2019.76434. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Hvorfor skal vi drive forskning når samhandling fremdeles er en utfordring? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Hvordan markedsføre sykepleie i en tid med ansvarsoversvømmelse? Full text in Research Archive
• Skrøder, Ann Christin; Michalsen, Stine; Nystrøm, Vivian & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Hyperoksi hos premature. InspirA - Tidsskrift for anestesi- og intensivsykepleiere. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. Full text in Research Archive
• Kohlstrunk, Camilla; Lieng, Ingunn & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Bruk av Bispectral index for å unngå awareness. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. 3, p. 28–31. Full text in Research Archive
• Stene-Johansen, Invild Marie; Horne, Madeleine Hagelund & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Delirium ved hoftebrudd. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. p. 5–9. Full text in Research Archive
• Skrøder, Ann Christin; Michalsen, Stine; Nystrøm, Vivian & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Hyperoksi hos premature. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. 3, p. 9–15. Full text in Research Archive
• Talåsen, Øyvor & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Hepatisk encefalopati. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. 3, p. 24–27. Full text in Research Archive
• Vamnes, Jan Sverre; Sørenstua, Marie; Solbakk, Knut Inge; Sterud, Birgitte & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Evaluation Of Quadratus Lumborum Block After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Full text in Research Archive
• Winsvold, Therese; Eriksen, Mina; Nystrøm, Vivian & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Bruk av NIV til ekstuberte pasienter. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. 3, p. 15–20. Full text in Research Archive
• Elshaug, Ann Charlotte; Strand, Hilde & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Vurdering av anestesidybde. Inspira – tidsskrift for anestesi-, operasjon- og intensivsykepleiere. ISSN 0809-9707. 1, p. 11–18. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Sykepleierøkonomi. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Selg heller sykepleieryrket! Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Tverrfaglig og balansert om velferdsteknologi. Bokanmeldelse av boken Velferdsteknologi. En ressursbok. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Kombinasjonsstillinger er tilsynelatende ideelt. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Bemanningsutfordringen i fremtidens helsetjeneste. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2019). Helseministeren må gjøre en totalvurdering av sykepleierkompetanse i spesialisthelsetjenesten. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Helsevesenet trenger politikere som tenker langsiktig. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin (2018). KOMPIS- kompetanse i skjæringspunktet primær- og spesialisthelsetjeneste. Full text in Research Archive
• Fossen, Linn Therese; Sælid, Inger-Johanne; Nygaard, Anne Mette & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Hypotermibehandling. Optimalisering av blodsukkernivået etter hjertestans. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2018.71026. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist & Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen (2018). Hvilke faggrupper trenger helsevesenet? Ja takk vi har bruk for alle. Fredrikstad Blad. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Helsereformer blir lite evaluert. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Alle pasienter og pårørende som sier du gjør en viktig jobb er god grunn til å bli sykepleier. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin (2018). Engler i hvitt? Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Negativ omtale av helsevesenet- motforestillinger. SeniorNorge.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Rutherford, Inga & Bjerkenes, Annette (2018). KOMPIS-kompetanse i skjæringspunktet mellom primær og spesialisthelsetjeneste. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Hva skal helsepersonell tåle av trakassering fra pårørende? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Munch, Elin; Nygaard, Anne Mette & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Bruk av endotrakealtube med subglottis-sug kan forebygge ventilatorassosiert pneumoni. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. 106. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2018.65480. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin (2018). Tiden for utredninger er forbi. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin (2018). Mangel på enhetlig plan for utvikling av helsetjenesten. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Lunde, Ellen Marie; Olsen, Gitte Lise & Smith, Stine Thorvaldsen (2018). Patients'experiences With PICC-lines: The PAPIC study. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin (2018). Moro med hjertet. Bokanmeldelse av boken Gravning, J. Ditt fantastiske hjerte-med eller uten flimmer og smerte. Aschehoug; 2018. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. 7, p. 73–73. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Om å opprettholde befolkningen. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Mathisen, Martine; Nygaard, Anne Mette & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Intensivsykepleiere kan forebygge PTSD. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Sykepleierstudenter må lære seg fagterminologi og systematisk kommunikasjon. Full text in Research Archive
• Ruud, Hege; Markussen, Anette; Nygaard, Anne Mette & Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Hvordan ivareta pårørende ved organdonasjon? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist (2018). Kompetanse i skjæringspunktet primær- og spesialisthelsetjeneste. Full text in Research Archive
• Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Finjarn, Therese Jenssen; Kjærra, Ine Hotvedt; Tettum, Bente; Kilander, Øystein & Bruun, Anne Marie Gran (2020). Spesialistgodkjenning av anestesisykepleiere. Revisjon av dokument fra 2012. Anestesisykepleierne NSF. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA